时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英美文化


英语课

   复活节的由来复活节实际上是信奉基督教的所有国家的重大节日,其重要性在某些国家甚至超过了圣诞节。按《圣经?马太福音》的说法,耶稣基督在十字架上受刑死后的第三天复活,因而把春分节(3月20日或3月21日)当日见到满月或过了春分见到第一个满月之后,遇到的第一个星期日设为复活节。如果满月恰好出现在第一个星期日,则复活节再推迟一周。因此,复活节的时间大致在3月22日至4月25日之间。


  (英文原句为:“Easter, anniversary of the Resurrection of Christ, observed on the first Sunday after a full moon on or after 21 March.”)【注:原来,复活节那一天,是经由三个历法(分别是西历、中国阴历、星期)合并出来的,怪不得它会如此飘忽不定了!】
  复活节的时间每年的复活节并没有确定具体是哪一天,而且西欧与东正教的复活节日期基本上也不相同,在这里我们以西欧的复活节日期为主,从2009年至2020年的复活节具体日期如下:2009 年4月12日、2010年4月4日、2011年4月24日、2012年4月8日、2013年3月31日、2014年4月20日、2015年4月5日、 2016年3月27日、2017年4月16日、2018年4月1日、2019年4月21日、2020年4月14日。
  复活节礼物复活节礼物跟春天和再生有关系:鸡蛋、小鸡、小兔子、鲜花,特别是百合花是这一季节的象征。复活节前夕,孩子们为朋友和家人给鸡蛋着色打扮一番。这些蛋有的煮得很老,有的只是空空的蛋壳。复活节那天早上,孩子们会发现床前的复活节篮子里装满了巧克力彩蛋、复活节小兔子、有绒毛的小鸡及娃娃玩具等。据说复活节兔子会将彩蛋藏在室内或是草地里让孩子们去寻找。一年一度的美国白宫滚彩蛋活动经常被电视台实况转播。传说复活节彩蛋都是兔子的蛋,实际上,兔子是不会下蛋的,所以复活节彩蛋(Easter egg)其实都是鸡蛋,有些人喜欢在蛋上画各种各样的鬼脸或花纹,而这些民间风俗都是起源于非基督教。
  复活节习俗在大多数西方国家里,复活节一般要举行盛大的宗教游行。游行者身穿长袍,手持十字架,赤足前进。他们打扮成基督教历史人物,唱着颂歌欢庆耶稣复活。如今节日游行已失去往日浓厚的宗教色彩。节日游行洋溢着喜庆的气氛,具有浓烈的民间特色和地方特色。在美国,游行队伍中即有身穿牛仔服踩高跷的小丑,也有活泼可爱的卡通人物米老鼠。在英国,游行多以介绍当地的历史和风土人情为主,游行者化装成为苏格兰风笛乐队以及皇宫卫士,吸引了众多的游客。复活节的到来还使人们纷纷换上新衣。过去基督教教徒会在节前去教堂行洗礼,然后穿上自己的新袍,庆祝基督的新生。穿戴一新的习俗保留至今,因为人们认为节日里不穿新衣是要倒运的。复活节期间,人们还喜欢彻底打扫自己的住处,表示新生活从此开始。
  德国政府规定复活节休息两天。在节日里,家人团聚,品尝各种传统食品,亲戚朋友见面要互相祝贺。象征生命的蛋、火、水、兔等成了复活节的吉祥物。鸡蛋和兔子在西方是新的生命和兴旺发达的象征。鸡蛋的本色象征太阳,把鸡蛋染成红色则象征生活幸福。在复活节中,父母要特地为孩子们准备制成鸡蛋、兔子形状的巧克力糖。亲友间要互赠彩蛋。在莱茵河中游和黑森东部的一些城镇,至今保留着"彩蛋树"这一古老习俗。人们把成百的蛋壳涂上彩画,串成蛋链,在复活节这天挂在松树上,制成彩蛋树,大人孩子围着彩蛋树唱歌、跳舞、庆祝复活节。而阿尔卑斯山的姑娘们则通过赠送红鸡蛋来表达自己的爱情。在复活节这天,姑娘如果向某一小伙子赠送三个红鸡蛋,表示姑娘向小伙子求爱。
  复活节食物在欧洲,因为有四旬期(复活节前40天)的守斋的缘故,在每次复活节用餐前,都先予以祝圣;因此第七世纪时,就有祝圣羔羊的记载出现了,之后又多了油脂和火腿的祝圣。
  然而四旬节守斋是禁止吃蛋类的。到了十二世纪,才开始有鸡蛋的祝圣;因此在复活节时,天主教徒会把蛋涂成红色,请神父祝圣,自己也用作礼物送给朋友,这是为什么现在复活节都要送彩蛋的最早起源。除了鸡蛋外,还有其它食品,如奶油、乳酪、面包等的祝圣。在礼仪改革前的圣教典礼中,仍保留了羔羊、蛋、面包的祝圣经文。
  在欧洲许多国家,复活主日的主餐均食羔羊肉,因为在祝圣羔羊时,可让人纪念摩西借着羔羊的血,领导以色列人出埃及,而这羔羊(后来称为逾越节的羔羊)是耶稣的预表:祂是上帝的圣洁羔羊,藉祂在十字架上所留的血,使人类得以洗净罪,脱离魔鬼的奴役。蛋也象征春天及新生命的开始。到了基督徒的时代,更赋予了一层宗教意义:象征耶稣复活走出石墓。而面包则使基督徒们想到耶稣是永生的活粮。在欧洲许多国家中,复活节通常会另外烤制特别的复活节面包,面包上画有基督耶稣的字样、十字架,或羔羊的图案等,以纪念基督。
  复活节简介(英文)A Sunday between March 22 and April 25The meaning of many different customs observed during Easter Sunday have been buried with time. Their origins lie in pre-Christian religions and Christianity. All in some way or another are a salute 1 to spring, marking re-birth. The white Easter lily has come to capture the glory of the holiday. The word Easter is named after Eastre, the Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring. A festival was held in her honor every year at the vernal equinox (春分).
  People celebrate the holiday according to their beliefs and their religious denominations 2 (命名). Christians 3 commemorate 4 Good Friday as the day that Jesus Christ died and Easter Sunday as the day that He was resurrected (复活). Protestant settlers brought the custom of a sunrise service, a religious gathering 5 at dawn, to the United States.
  This year Easter will be celebrated 6 on Sunday April 11, 2004. On Easter Sunday children wake up to find that the Easter Bunny has left them baskets of candy. He has also hidden the eggs that they decorated earlier that week. Children hunt for the eggs all around the house. Neighborhoods and organizations hold Easter egg hunts, and the child who finds the most eggs wins a prize.
  The Easter Bunny is a rabbit-spirit. Long ago, he was called the Easter Hare. Hares and rabbits have frequent multiple births so they became a symbol of fertility. The custom of an Easter egg hunt began because children believed that hares laid eggs in the grass. The Romans believed that All life comes from an egg. Christians consider eggs to be the seed of life and so they are symbolic 7 of the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
  Why we dye, or color, and decorate eggs is not certain. In ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome and Persia eggs were dyed for spring festivals. In medieval Europe, beautifully decorated eggs were given as gifts.

vi.行礼,致意,问候,放礼炮;vt.向…致意,迎接,赞扬;n.招呼,敬礼,礼炮
  • Merchant ships salute each other by dipping the flag.商船互相点旗致敬。
  • The Japanese women salute the people with formal bows in welcome.这些日本妇女以正式的鞠躬向人们施礼以示欢迎。
n.宗派( denomination的名词复数 );教派;面额;名称
  • Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
  • The service was attended by Christians of all denominations. 这次礼拜仪式各教派的基督徒都参加了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )
  • Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
  • His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。
vt.纪念,庆祝
  • This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
  • We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。
n.集会,聚会,聚集
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的
  • He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
  • The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
  • It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
  • The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。
标签: 复活节
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Aconitum kungshanense
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