【CET 12-24备战】之阅读技巧（一）
第一讲：事实细节题（一）
命题规律
列举处常考
列举处指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举出的内容中 , 选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式进行。
举例与打比方的地方常考
为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，更加明确 ，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子或比喻常会成为考点，因此考生应对那些引出这些例子或比喻的标志词加以注意。这类词很多，常见的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。
（指示）代词出现处常考
这类考题 ,常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系和意义。
引用人物论断处常考
作者为正确表达自己观点或使论点更有依据 , 常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要发现等。命题者常在此处作文章。
特殊标点符号后的内容常考
由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明， 因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：破折号（表解释），括号（表解释），冒号（表解释），引号（表引用）。
答题技巧
1、若针对举例子、引用名人言论、特殊符号 ( 如冒号、引号、破折号 ) 后内容出题 , 可只读例子、名人言论、符号前后句内容 , 然后与选项对号入座。
■ 例题
CET4 1999 年1月第2篇
President Coolide's statgnent,"The business of America is b11sines,"still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Q:The statement "The business of America is business"probably means__.
[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce
[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis
[C]business is of primary concern to Americans
[D]Aameric is a great power in world business
正确答案是 [C]
根据引号及其内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的破折号必是对该句的解释。因此考生不必在原文所引内容的两个busine为何意上绞尽脑汁，只须理解破折号后内容，其意思是：美国商业机构在美国社会中享有的威望比包括政府在内的其他所有机构都要高。这个意思与选项 [C]中的"primary concern"(头等大事)相对应，故选[C]。
2、如果题目只是针对某一段的内容提间，可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。
■例题
CET6 2002年12月第29题
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.
[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
[B]more money was allocated 1 to their compensation system
[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased
正确答案是 [D]
根据题干中的"after 1972"可马上判断出线索在最后一段。这一段的大意是说自1972年后，越来越多的人因工伤索赔而获益，所以越来越多的人就进行索赔，那么也就有医生和律师也来分一杯羹。尤其第二句话提到：索赔获益每增加10个百分点，进行索赔的工人人数就增加了5个百分点，与[D]一致。
3、选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义词替换的选项一般是答案。
■例题
CET4 1997年6月第3篇
Injuries and deaths were relatively 2 less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant 3 to earthquake.
Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.
[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings
[B]it occurred in the residential 4 rather than on the highways
[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
正确答案是 [D]
在四个选项中[C]项和[D]都与原文有关。但[C]达似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但实际上是对原文的曲解。原文中并没有说大多Los Angeles的居民们外出度假了，只是说了当时的交通情况。而选项[D]中的improvement 是对“change made to the construction codes”的解释，是change在该文中的同义替换词，因此[D]是正确答案。
4、选项中表达意义较具体，或肤浅地表达了字面意思的，一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
■例题
CET4 2000年1月第1篇
Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid 5 big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.
Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
[B]Such a collision might occur every 25 years.
[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids 6 with Earth occur more often than expected.
[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.
正确答案是 [A]
依据节选文中最后一句可知虽然小行星每 50 万年才撞击地球一次 , 但此事总是有可能发生的。在四个选项中 , 只有 [A] 项 " 小行星与地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但这种危险是存在的 " 最具概括性。因此 [A] 项正确。
练习
完成下面这道题目，并说明这一题是属于哪一种命题方式。（在节目中提到的几种答题技巧中选取）
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M.Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleep"is just the tip of the iceberg(冰山)".He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
Q:By "just the tip of the iceberg",Siegel suggests that____.
[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
[B]the mystery of half?brain sleep is close to being solved
[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers 7
[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
答案
答案为[D]。根据引号内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的内容必是对该问的解释。第二句中说加州大学洛杉矶分校的Ferome M.Siegel推测鸟类的半脑睡眠现象只是冰山露出来的一角。第三句说如果我们对其他物种作进一步认真仔细的观察，可能会发现更多的例证，所以D正确。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可选出正确答案。
这一题是属于考特殊标点符号后的内容
- The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
- The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
- Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
- They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
- The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
- The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
- Astronomers have yet to witness an asteroid impact with another planet.天文学家还没有目击过小行星撞击其它行星。
- It's very unlikely that an asteroid will crash into Earth but the danger exists.小行星撞地球的可能性很小，但这样的危险还是存在的。
- Asteroids,also known as "minor planets",are numerous in the outer space. 小行星，亦称为“小型行星”，在外太空中不计其数。
- Most stars probably have their quota of planets, meteorids, comets, and asteroids. 多数恒星也许还拥有若干行星、流星、彗星和小行星。