时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:实用英语


英语课

  整个新托福考试中,词汇题要在每篇文章的12-14个题目中占到3-6个,其比重之大足以让每个参加考试的考生对词汇题予以足够重视。那么,词汇题到底如何来做呢?尽管所有考生在参加考试之前都要努力的过词汇大关,但依然在考场上会发现主考词不认识,那么这种情况下我们该怎么办呢?


  托福的文章都是逻辑性很强的北美大学教科书选录的文章,其语言的严谨与准确主要就表现在句子与句子之间是相互支撑与关联的,因此,我们可以根据上下文的关系来推断出主考词的意思,这样我们就可以在不认识的情况下把题目做出来或者认识这个词但考的是一个生僻的含义而猜出这个意思来。首先我们要能够识别出词汇题,新托福词汇题要求选出都是主考词的同义或者近义的词语,题目常见的问法如下:
  The word (or phrase) X is closest in meaning……
  在识别题型后我们来看解法:阅读主考词所在的句子,找出该句与前后句的关系,进行推断
  1) 直接反义:主考词所在的句子与前一句或后一句是反义的关系。我们用中文来看看这种逻辑:XX是个 人,相反她则是个内向的人。我们从后半句中的内向可以推出前面应该填一个外向之类的词。所以我们要关注这些表示句子间关系的词语,如 although, though ; rather than ; instead; unlike; contrast; on the contrary 等
  实例: Although limited to a skull 1, the Pakicetus fossil provides precious details on the origins of cetaceans.
  3. The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to
  A.Exact
  B.Scarce
  C.Valuable
  D.Initial
  假设precious 我们不认识,当然一定会有同学说不用假如,我就是不认识!不认识没关系,我们来推断,从Although 可以看出前后两个分句是相反的关系,那么前面一句说尽管只是个头盖骨,说明这个头盖骨不足为奇,后面的句子一定是说这个头盖骨有很高的价值这类意思,所以不难推断出此句应该选择C
  2) 因果关系:主考词所在句与前后句构成因果关系,我们可以根据原因推结果或根据结果推出原因,同样的,我们来看句中文:xx老师昨天扶一下盲人过马路,所以xx是一个___人,答案一定是个正态度,是一个乐于助人的人,不会是选一个损人不利已的人,因为人家盲人不想过马路,被老师给硬拉过去了。这种情况是特例,而TOEFL中考的都是正常情况。那么因果关系的标志就是:because ; contribute to ; be responsible for ; account for ; since ; therefore ; for ; because 等。
  实例:Children normally desire to vent 2 aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive 3 parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately.
  The word gratify in the passage is closest in meaning to
  A.Identify
  B.Modify
  C.Satisfy
  D.Simplify
  由because我们可以知道,这句话是因果关系,原因在because 之后,结果在其前面,结果说的是孩子们通常会把他们的攻击性的冲动发泄在他们的父母身上,原因是父母不能 他们的要求。当然选择C ,不能满足孩子们的要求。
  3) 以上是通过逻辑来推断单词的含义,下面再介绍下通过并列结构能够推导出意思的解法,我们先举个中文例子看看:
  aa和bbb老师跳舞就好比美女与__跳舞。答案一定是正面的而不像少数同学内心比较阴暗认为答案是野兽.正确答案是和美女一个层面的表示人的词语. 这里说明一点,并列结构连接的两个词或短语在结构,性质和地位上均相同。
  并列关系词如下:and ; not only ..but also; both … and; either… or ;neither… nor
  实例:She embarked 4 on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.
  The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to
  A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about
  我们可以在这句中看到关健词 and ,and连接的是两个动词短语,那么动词和动词是对应的我们可以由此猜出embarked 和 began 必然有关,所以本题选B
  小结一下,新托福中的词汇题,我们可以通过对上下文关系来推断其中词语的意思,推断的方式主要看句子之间的逻辑关系和结构关系。希望能对同学们在做词汇题方面有所帮助。

n.头骨;颅骨
  • The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
  • He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去,跌裂了颅骨。
n.通风口,排放口;开衩;vt.表达,发泄
  • He gave vent to his anger by swearing loudly.他高声咒骂以发泄他的愤怒。
  • When the vent became plugged,the engine would stop.当通风口被堵塞时,发动机就会停转。
adj.注意的,专心的;关心(别人)的,殷勤的
  • She was very attentive to her guests.她对客人招待得十分周到。
  • The speaker likes to have an attentive audience.演讲者喜欢注意力集中的听众。
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
  • We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
  • She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
标签: 新托福 阅读
学英语单词
a trip down memory lane
aerial telescope
africa-american
after - tax profit margin
after tomorrow
ankle-strap
Arkabutla L.
Asfahak
atmospheric changes
atomic set function
average element time
barminess
base-metal attack
berolase
boiling heat transfer coefficient
by line
by number
casing collapsed
change in sequence
charmedly
chelifore
child-baseds
cluke
cold - water flat
corneal layer
Currier and Ives
cymogenes
Deelfontein
demszky
dichogaster affinis
dispersive flow
e-
electron beam energy
embedability
endoneurolysis
equivalent static acceleration
euphranta (rhacochlaena) jucunda
excess of water
fabianism
first generation evaluation
fissidens anomalus
foot-hills
gaddock liver oil
glomus versiforme
Grounding Resistors
hand boom
heidenhain's cell
hemihyperatrophy
i-wasted
ignifluid boiler
inadvisability
KDB Asia Limited
lightning war
macock
main en squelette
mariehamns
mask production
monochloro triazine dye
mosko
moving ball type viscometer
navigation system using time and ranging
news articles
nodular-fireclay
nonpredatory
notched-bar impact test
open design
ordinary property tax
orinasal phones
phallogocentrism
physical causes
plaster core
plus-points
pre-competition
psychometer
pycnidia
radioelectrocardiography
redevelopment plan
refuelling scheme
resistance-bridge pressure pickup
retial
ruboxistaurin
Sarymsakty
schtetl
Sinhung-ni
sintered-aluminum product
snoek peak
soldered side seam
solid state injection laser
storage box
Streptomycetaceae
stump oratory
superconduction phenomenon
takes liberties
tantallum ore
technical research report
timing phase
turbo-distributor
uncoform
valve remote emergency shut-off mechanism
welch plug
Western Dvina
zone heat