英语习语的妙用
英语习语的妙用颜色词在英语中的妙用我们都知道,颜色词除表示其具体实际的色彩外,还可以用来表示姓名,如:White(怀特)、 Green(格林)、Brown(布朗)、 Black(布莱克)等等。其实这些词的用法远远不止这些。英语中与颜色词在一起组成的复合词或带有颜色词的习语有出乎意料的妙用。不同的国家有不同的文化风俗习惯,因而习语就有不同的涵义。如 “a white day”,可译为“白色的日子”,在中国,白色表示不吉利;而在英国,白色往往表示“纯真”、“吉祥”、“幸福”、“崇高”之意, “a white day” 意为“吉日”或“喜庆的日子”。因此,在英语学习和教学中掌握它们的用法,对提高阅读和翻译能力大有帮助。下面就各种常用的颜色词分别举例略作说明。
Red1. The president was treated to the red-carpet in Rome.
总统在罗马受到了隆重的接待。
2. It was a red-letter day in the history of Chinese revolution.
这是中国历史上值得纪念的日子。
3. When he started criticizing my work, I really saw red.
当他批评我的工作时,我就冒火发脾气。
4. They had to sell the firm because for years they had operated in the red.
因为经营这家公司几年来一直亏损,他们只好把它卖掉。
5. We’ll soon be out of the red. 我们很快扭亏为盈。
Blue1. I’m feeling rather blue today. 我今天情绪低落。
2. Things looked blue. 事情看来没希望了。
3. It’s once in a blue moon that you get a chance like that.
你得到的是个千载难逢的机会。
4. He is proud of his blue blood. 他因出身名门贵族而骄傲。
5. John arrived out of the blue. 约翰突然来了。
Green1. He is still green to his job. 他对其工作尚无经验。
2. Do you see any green in my eye? 你认为我幼稚可欺吗?
3. She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语教学中,她还是个生手。
4. Mr. Jackson has a green thumb. He has won the garden championship.
杰克逊先生种植技术好,他获得了园艺比赛的冠军。
5. Mother gave us the green light to go on the camping trip this summer.
妈妈准许我们今年夏天去野营一次。
White1.Sometimes we are forced to tell white lies. 有时我们被迫要讲些无恶意的谎言。
2.A motor-car would be a white elephant to him, because he can’t drive it.
摩托车对他一点用都没有,因为他不会驾驶。
3.They treated us white. 他们公正地对待我们。
4.He said he didn’t want to have a white-collar job and sit in an office all day.
他说他不愿意做文职工作,整天坐在办公室里。
5. Don’t show the white-feather, fight for your beliefs.
不要怯懦,要为你的信念而战。
Black1.Tom is the black sheep of his family. 汤姆是个败家子(害群之马)。
2.She gives me a black look. 她对我怒目而视。
3.Next time I see him, I’ll give him a black eye. 下次我见到他一定打他一顿。
4.He blacked out the words he didn’t want. 他涂掉不想要的单词。
5.He gave me assurance in black and white. 他给我作出了书面保证。
另外,还有一些与black组成的习惯用语,如:black and blue遍体鳞伤的,青一块紫一块的,black coffee不加牛奶的咖啡,black tea红茶,a black future暗淡的前途,毫无希望的未来,call black white颠倒黑白,be black with anger怒气冲冲,look black情况很糟。
Yellow1.He is too yellow to stand up and fight. 他太胆怯,不敢奋起战斗。
2.We can’t afford to have anyone in this enterprise who is likely to turn yellow when the testing-time comes. 我们的企业不能雇佣在考验关头可能畏缩不前的人。
3.I dislike Tom for he is a yellow dog. 我讨厌汤姆,他是个卑鄙小人。
Brown1.Newton was always in a brown study. 牛顿总是在沉思冥想中。
2.When he does a job, he does it up brown. 他干一件工作时,总是干得很出色。
3. I’m browned off, sitting here all day with nothing to do.
我整天坐在这儿没事干,感到抑郁无聊。
人名普通化在英语中的运用一、常见姓名普通化1. This door is not open to Tom, Dick and Henry. 这个门不对普通人开放。
Tom, Dick和Henry 是英语中常见的姓名,用来指普通人,相当于汉语的“张三李四”。
2. She was pretty, but a dumb Dora. 她长得挺好看,只是傻里傻气的。
dumb Dora是美国俚语,指傻里傻气的姑娘。
3. We drank several bottles of beer and Tom stood Sam. 我们喝了几瓶酒,汤姆付的钱。
stand Sam是英国俚语,意指“付帐、做东”。
二、圣经、传说或历史人物姓名普通化1.Your speech and action will raise Cain. 你的言行会引起骚乱。
Cain是圣经中亚当和夏娃的长子,曾杀害他的弟弟Abel,因此to raise Cain 就是引起骚乱的意思。
2. After 30 years of hard work, he became as rich as Croesus.
经过三十年的辛勤努力,他变得非常富有。
Croesus是公元前六世纪时Lydia王国的国王,异常富有。后来Croesus,就成了“富豪”的代名词。
3. He is Robin 1 Hood 2 and the Scarlet 3 Pimdernel rolled into one.
他胆大心细,天不怕地不怕;神出鬼没,行踪诡秘。
Robin Hood是传说中的绿林好汉,他来无影,去无踪,劫富济贫;Scarlet Pimdernel是英国小说家Baroress Emmuska Orczy笔下的人物。故事说的是法国大革命时期,他冒险将处于危境之中的法国贵族悄悄送离法国。
三、文学作品人物姓名普通化1.Come on, Rip Van Winkle, wake up! It’s nearly lunch time.
好了,睡鬼,醒醒吧!都快吃午饭了。
Rip Van Winkle是美国作家Washington Irving所著同名短篇小说中的主人公。他在Catskill山中一睡20年,醒来发现世间变化巨大。现喻指嗜睡懒惰、落后于时代的人。
2.You’re not Robinson Crusoe. You are not alone, so don’t be so damned selfish.
你又不是流落孤岛、与世隔绝的鲁宾逊,不要事事只为自己打算。
Robinson Crusoe是英国作家笛福的小说《鲁宾逊飘流记》中的主人公,因船只失事而流落荒岛多年。
3.His income derived 4 from illicit 5 activities------bookmaking, gambling 6, shylocking, and questionable 7 union activities. 他的经济收入来源于一些非法活动------赛马赌注登记、赌博、放高利贷和一些可疑的工会活动。
Shylock原为莎士比亚喜剧《威尼斯商人》中的犹太族放高利贷者,他贪婪、残暴。现喻指“敲诈勒索的放债者。
英语中有为数不少的习语是人身上的某一器官组成的。使用这些习语会使语言形象生动。因此,在适当的地方用上一句习语,能增添文采,起到画龙点睛的作用。现介绍几个:
eye be all eyes全神贯注 catch one’s eyes引人注目ear/nose be all ears洗耳恭听 turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻 turn up one’s nose at鄙视hand have one’s hands full with忙碌于 give(lend) sb. a hand帮忙leg/shoulder stretch one’s legs散散步 stand on one’s own legs独立自主turn a cold shoulder to对……冷淡lip pay lip service假殷勤 on the tip of one’s tongue就在嘴边此外,还有一些是由某一器官重叠组成的习语。如:
heart to heart 推心置腹的 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩 hand in hand 手拉手 eye for eye 以牙还牙 face to face 面对面还有一些则是由二个器官组成的习语。如:
be head and shoulders above 杰出 heart and soul 全心全意head and heels 完全地 over head and ears 深陷hand and foot 竭力 from hand to mouth 仅够糊口
- The robin is the messenger of spring.知更鸟是报春的使者。
- We knew spring was coming as we had seen a robin.我们看见了一只知更鸟,知道春天要到了。
- She is wearing a red cloak with a hood.她穿着一件红色带兜帽的披风。
- The car hood was dented in.汽车的发动机罩已凹了进去。
- The scarlet leaves of the maples contrast well with the dark green of the pines.深红的枫叶和暗绿的松树形成了明显的对比。
- The glowing clouds are growing slowly pale,scarlet,bright red,and then light red.天空的霞光渐渐地淡下去了,深红的颜色变成了绯红,绯红又变为浅红。
- Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
- Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。
- They have won a lot of money through gambling.他们赌博赢了很多钱。
- The men have been gambling away all night.那些人赌了整整一夜。
- There are still a few questionable points in the case.这个案件还有几个疑点。
- Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。