时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:Scientific American(十一)月


英语课

 Crampfish became famous thanks to the movie Finding Nimo. In real life, their social hierarchy 1 is simple, larger fish dominate their smaller counterparts. Now we know that to reinforce the social structure, the fish communicate with aggressive and submissive audio signals. The news [infoes] in the journal PLoS ONE. 


Researchers recorded crampfish calls capturing this noise as one chased a smaller fish. These popping sounds functioned as an () aggression 2 signal. When the/a [confish] has been chased and wishes to submit, it [cheek]s its head in a submissive gesture and produces [quicking] noises like these. 
The researchers compared the aggressive and submissive calls and found that the sound posed in a submissive signal were shorter and more high-pitched. Unlike many animals that use sounds to drive/draw in potential mates, crampfish appear to use their calls only as a [lib] of social status. When a little fish makes submissive sounds to a larger one, neither has to invest in a physical confrontation 3, which is good news for small [fry], like Nimo.

n.等级制度;统治集团,领导层
  • There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。
  • She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
n.对抗,对峙,冲突
  • We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
  • After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后,他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。
学英语单词
amphetyline
Anxiopsis
appearance before the meeting
arowanas
balsamous
bellybands
black oxide of iron
bogusly
brings back memories
bubble reactor
C.A.G.S.
canoodlings
cavitation hysteresis
cerographist
chemolithoautotrophs
chromosomal interference
circle tester
compatible colour system
Dakshina Kannada
dark shading
diamond-leaf laurel
Douglas Top
dry surface ratio of soil
end standard rod
erectings
ergo-dynamograph
exonuclear gene
explosive destruction
export bill for collection a/c
feralite
ferragamo
flash welded chain
free lever type relay interlocking
Gaussian model
gene redundance
germanium thermistor
growbag
gummy oil
hagio
Hardouin Mansart
hindered settlement
Hinigaran
hylacole
ifn-?r
Ilex jiaolingensis
in every sense
incomplete beta function
it should be remembered
licencing
lichuanensis
loh
Lynd.
lyson
macropygia unchall
Mapplethorpe
maximum circular milling diameter
Mercalli scale
montiform
Morse,Wayne Lyman
mound storage
multi-head borer
non-circulatory flow
nursery-maid
oil burn
Old Picard
Ophasselt
pale ale
parallel gripper
pathoamine
phimenes flavopictus formosanus
photoinduced
phytoimmunity
post-book
pracharaks
pre-flawed specimen
primaricine
principle of parallel vertical gaseous flow
real-time input-output translator
recongregates
rhyolite-pitchstone
roll-over dump
Sabana Abajo
seemeth
series limiter
sloop-of-war
smooth type spin
sodiocitrate
square-tailed
Stokes phenomenon
suovetaurilia
tioxolone
total surface resistance
Transamidinases
Tregnago
tuberous-rooted mustard
uncomputable problem
unilateral glosis
unpiteousness
ventricular extrasystole
vestibular function
vita nuova
xanthylic