美国科学60秒 SSS 2012-11-16
时间：2019-01-08 作者：英语课 分类：Scientific American(十一)月
英语课
Aches and pains getting you down, or maybe they really tick you off. If that's the case, maybe don't look to a placebo 1 to give you any relief. Because a new study shows that sugar pills are less effective for people who are quick to anger. The work appears in the journal Neuropsycho Pharmacology.
For centuries physicians have known that some patients improve when given fake medicine, like pills that contain no real drugs. But how can docs predict which of their cases are most likely to benefit from the placebo effect?
To find out, researchers ran 50 volunteers through a battery of personality test. Then they injected a bit of salt water into the subjects' muscles, and told them they'd be getting a little something to relieve the resulting pain, although that little something was actually a sham 2.
The researchers found that pretend meds don't do much for people who tend toward hostility 3. They work best for folks who are naturally resilient and altruistic 4. The subjects who responded to the foul 5 treatment actually produced more of the body's own natural painkillers 6. That's good news for the stoic 7 and one more thing for the angry to be mad about.
n.安慰剂；宽慰话
- The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
- The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。
n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的)
- They cunningly played the game of sham peace.他们狡滑地玩弄假和平的把戏。
- His love was a mere sham.他的爱情是虚假的。
n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争
- There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
- His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。
adj.无私的，为他人着想的
- It is superficial to be altruistic without feeling compassion.无慈悲之心却说利他，是为表面。
- Altruistic spirit should be cultivated by us vigorously.利他的精神是我们应该努力培养的。
adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规
- Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
- What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气！
n.止痛药( painkiller的名词复数 )
- The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. 医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。 来自辞典例句
- The primary painkillers - opiates, like OxyContin - are widely feared, misunderstood and underused. 人们对主要的镇痛药——如鸦片剂奥施康定——存在广泛的恐惧、误解，因此没有充分利用。 来自时文部分