威廉·麦金利总统与美西巴黎条约
37 威廉·麦金利总统与美西巴黎条约
Date=6-21-2001
Title=The Making of a Nation #146 - William McKinley, part 2
Byline=Frank Beardsley
Voice one:
The making of a nation - A program in special English.
(Theme)
On December tenth, eighteen-ninety-eight, the United States and Spain signed a (1) treaty in Paris officially ending the war between them. The fighting had stopped much earlier.
Spain had made the first move toward peace after its forces (2) surrendered at (3) Santiago, on the (4) Cuban coast. A few weeks before, the United States (5) navy had destroyed Spain's Atlantic (6) naval 1 (7) fleet. The American naval (8) victory ended any chance that Spain could win the war.
Voice two:
Late in July, the French (9) ambassador in Washington gave president William McKinley a message from the Spanish government. Spain asked what terms the United States would demand for peace. President McKinley sent an immediate 2 answer.
Spain, he said, must give up Cuba. It must also give to the United States the islands of Puerto Rico and Guam. And he said Spain must recognize the right of the United States to (10) occupy (11) Manila in the Philippines. The future of the Philippines, he said, would be decided 3 during (12) negotiations 4 on a peace treaty.
Voice one:
McKinley's terms seemed severe to Spain. But Spain had no choice. It could not continue the war. So, ten weeks after war broke out, Spain agreed to stop the fighting and accept the American terms. It signed a peace agreement in Washington on August twelfth.
A Spanish note (13) protested sadly that the agreement took away the last memory of a (14) glorious past. "It (15) expels us from the western (16) hemisphere, which became peopled and civilized 6 through the proud efforts of our fathers."
Voice two:
The two countries agreed to meet in Paris to negotiate details of a peace treaty. The talks opened October first.
The two sides agreed quickly on the issue of Cuban (17) independence, and an American take-over of (18) Puerto Rico and (19) Guam. But they could not agree on what to do about the Philippines.
At the beginning of the talks, the United States was not sure if it wanted all or only part of the Philippines. At first, president McKinley wanted Spain to give up only (20) Luzon, the main island. Then he decided that the United States should demand all of the Philippines. McKinley explained later how he made this decision.
Voice one:
"I thought first we would take only manila. Then Luzon. Then other islands, perhaps. I walked the floor of the white house many nights. More than once, I went down on my knees and asked god to help me decide.
"And one night," said McKinley, "it came to me this way:
"That we could not give the Philippines back to Spain. That would be cowardly and (21) dishonorable. We could not turn them over to France or Germany, our trading (22) competitors in Asia. That would be bad business. We could not leave them to themselves. They were not ready for self-government. So, there was nothing for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the (23) Filipinos, to civilize 5 them, and make (24) Christians 7 of them.
"With that decision," said McKinley, "I went to bed and slept well."
Voice two:
Spain, however, did not want to give up the Philippines. It protested that the United States had no right to demand the islands. True, Americans occupied manila. But they did not control any other part of the Philippines.
The two sides negotiated for days. Finally, they reached an agreement. Spain would give all of the Philippines to the United States. In return, the United States would pay Spain twenty-million dollars.
With this (25) dispute ended, the peace treaty was quickly completed and signed. But trouble developed when president McKinley sent the treaty to the United States senate for (26) approval.
Voice one:
Many Americans opposed the treaty. They thought McKinley was wrong to take the Philippines. Opponents of the treaty included (27) former president Cleveland, (28) industrialist 8 Andrew Carnegie, labor 9 leader Samuel Gompers, writer Mark twain, and others.
They organized anti-imperialist groups in many cities to (29) oppose the treaty. They made speeches and published newspapers explaining their opposition 10. (30) Imperialism 11, they said, had (31) ruined ancient Rome. And it would ruin the American republic.
They said colonies halfway 12 around the world would be costly 13 to protect. A large army and navy would be needed. They said colonial policies (32) violated important (33) democratic ideas upon which the United States had been built. We went to war with Spain, they said, to free Cuba from its colonial masters...not to make ourselves masters of the Philippines.
Voice two:
Republican Henry Cabot lodge 14 of Massachusetts led the senate fight for the treaty. The opposition was led by the other Massachusetts (34) senator, George Hoar, also a republican.
Senator lodge appealed to national pride. He (35) urged the senate not to pull down the American flag. Rejection 15 of the treaty, he said, would dishonor the president and the country. It would show that we are not ready as a nation to enter into great questions of foreign policy.
Senator Albert Beveridge of Ohio also spoke 16 in support of the treaty. Senator Beveridge said the pacific would be of great importance in coming years. Therefore, he said, the power that rules the pacific will be the power that rules the world. And, with the Philippines, that power is -- and forever will be - the United States.
Voice one:
Senator Hoar spoke strongly against the treaty. He said that taking over the Philippines would be a dangerous break with America's past.
He said the greatest thing the United States had was its tradition of freedom. To take the Philippines, he said, would deny that tradition. It would violate the constitution and the ideas contained in the (36) declaration of independence: the idea that all men are created equal...and that government exists only with the permission of the governed.
Voice two:
The senate vote on the treaty was set for February sixth. It seemed that the opposition had enough votes to reject it. But several things happened before the (37) vote.
William Jennings Bryan, the leader of the Democratic Party, opposed the take-over of the Philippines. But he urged democratic senators to vote for the treaty. Bryan was looking ahead to the presidential election in nineteen-hundred. He believed that the Philippines' take-over would cause the united states nothing but trouble. He could put the blame for all the trouble on the republicans. Then -- if he was elected president -- the (38) democrats 17 could give the Philippines their independence.
Bryan succeeded in getting seventeen democrats and (39) populists in the senate to vote for the treaty.
Voice one:
Two days before the vote was taken, (40) violence broke out in the Philippines. President McKinley, without waiting for the senate to act, ordered the American (41) military government in Manila to extend its control throughout the Philippines.
The leader of the Philippine rebels, Emilio Aquinaldo, opposed the order. Rebel forces prepared to fight. On the night of February fourth, thirty-thousand (42) rebels attacked American forces around Manila. Sixty Americans were killed, and more than two-hundred-seventy were wounded. Rebel losses were much higher.
Voice two:
News of the rebel attack caused some senators to change their minds about the Philippines. Some who had opposed the treaty now agreed with the "Washington star" newspaper that: "the Filipinos must be taught to obey."
Eighty-four senators were present for the vote on the treaty. To pass, the treaty needed a two-thirds majority -- fifty-six votes. One by one, the senators voted. Then the (43) count was announced.
Fifty-seven of the lawmakers had voted yes. Only twenty-seven had voted no. The treaty was approved. The Philippines belonged to the United States.
(Theme)
Voice one:
You have been listening to the special English program, The Making of a Nation. Your narrators were Steve Ember and Doug Johnson. Our program was written by Frank Beardsley.
(1) treaty [`tri:ti] n.条约, 谈判
(2) surrender [sE`rendE] vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降vi.投降, 自首
(3) Santiago [sAnti`B:gEU] n.圣地亚哥(智利首都)
(4) Cuban [`kjU:bEn] n.古巴人 adj.古巴(人)的
(5) navy [`neivi] n.海军
(6) naval [`neiv[l] adj.海军的
(7) fleet [fli:t] n.舰队
(8) victory [ `viktEri] n.胜利, 战胜
(9) ambassador [Am`bAs[d[] n.大使
(10) occupy [`CkjUpai] vt.占, 占用, 占领, 占据
(11) Manila [mE`nil[] n.马尼拉(菲律宾首都)
(12) negotiation [ni9gEUFi`eiF[n] n.商议, 谈判, 流通
(13) protest [prE`test] v.主张, 断言抗议, 拒付
(14) glorious [`glR:riEs] adj.光荣的, 显赫的
(15) expel [iks`pel] v.驱逐
(16) hemisphere [`hemisfiE] n.半球
(17) independence [9indi`pendEns] n.独立, 自主
(18) Puerto Rico [`pwE:tEU`ri:kEu] n. 波多黎各
(19) Guam [^wB:m] n.关岛（西太平洋）
(20) Luzon [lU:`zRn] n.吕宋岛（菲律宾主要岛屿）
(21) dishonorable [9dis`RnErEbl] adj.不名誉的
(22) competitor [kEm`petitE] n.竞争者
(23) Filipino [9fili`pi:nEU] n.菲律宾人
(24) Christian [`kristjEn] n.基督徒, 信徒
(25) dispute [dis`pjU:t] n.争论, 辩论, 争吵
(26) approval [E`prU:v[l] n.赞成, 承认, 正式批准
(27) former [`fR:mE] adj.从前的, 以前的
(28) industrialist [in`dQstriElist] n.工业家
(29) oppose [E`pEUz] vt.反对 vi.反对
(30) imperialism [im`piEriElizEm] n.帝国主义, 帝制
(31) ruin [rUin] v.(使)破产, (使)堕落, 毁灭
(32) violate [`vaiEleit] vt.冒犯, 干扰, 违反, 妨碍, 侵犯
(33) democratic [9demE`krAtik] adj.民主的, 民主主义的
(34) senator [`senEtE] n.参议员, (大学的)评议员, (古罗马的)元老院议员
(35) urge [E:dV] vt.催促, 力劝
(36) declaration of independence n.独立宣言
(37) vote [v[Ut] n.投票, 选票,表决
(38) democrat [`demEkrAt] n.民主党人
(39) populist [`pRpjUlist] n.(美国的)人民党党员
(40) violence [`vai[l[ns] n.暴力
(41) military [ `militEri] adj.军事的, 军用的
(42) rebel [`rebl] n.造反者, 叛乱者
(43) count [kaUnt] n.计数, 计算
- He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
- The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。
- His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
- We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
- negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
- Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
- We must civilize away the boy's bad habit.我们必须教育这孩子使其改掉恶习。
- Those facilities are intended to civilize people.那些设施的目的在于教化民众。
- Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
- rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为
- Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
- His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。
- The industrialist's son was kidnapped.这名实业家的儿子被绑架了。
- Mr.Smith was a wealthy industrialist,but he was not satisfied with life.史密斯先生是位富有的企业家，可他对生活感到不满意。
- We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
- He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。
- The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
- The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
- They held the imperialism in contempt.他们鄙视帝国主义。
- Imperialism has not been able to subjugate China.帝国主义不能征服中国。
- We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
- In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。
- It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
- This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。
- Is there anywhere that I can lodge in the village tonight?村里有我今晚过夜的地方吗？
- I shall lodge at the inn for two nights.我要在这家小店住两个晚上。
- He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
- The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。
- They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
- The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。