美国总统西奥多·罗斯福（四）

美国总统西奥多·罗斯福（四）

DATE=7-26-2001
TITLE=SPECIAL ENGLISH THE MAKING OF A NATION #151 - Theodore Roosevelt, Part 4 BYLINE=FRANK BEARDSLEY

VOICE ONE:
The making of a nation -- a program in Special English by the Voice Of America. 
(Theme)
Theodore Roosevelt was President of the United States during the early years of the twentieth century.  He was a (1)forceful leader. His national (2)policies led to social (3)reforms and (4)federal (5)protection of wide areas.  His foreign policy led to greater American (6)involvement in world events.
I'm Harry 1 Monroe.  Today, Kay Gallant 2 and I continue a report on the presidency 3 of Theodore Roosevelt.
Voice two:
In nineteen-oh-three, (7)Panama (8)declared its (9)independence from (10)Colombia.  Fifteen days later, Panama and the United States signed a (11)treaty.  The treaty gave the United States the right to build a canal across Panama.
To protect the canal, President Roosevelt declared greater (12)responsibility for a wide area around the canal.  The greatest responsibility was (13)financial.  Roosevelt said the United States would (14)guarantee (15)re-payment of (16)loans made to Latin American countries.  He did this to (17)prevent European countries from using the (18)issue of (19)non-payment as an excuse to (20)seize new (21)territory in the western (22)hemisphere.
Voice one:
Some Latin American nations were in serious (23)economic trouble.
(24)Venezuela was one.
At that time, Venezuela owed millions of dollars to Britain and Germany.  The Venezuelan ruler (25)refused to make payments on the loans.  Britain and Germany decided 4 to use force to get the money.  Their ships began (26)blocking Venezuela's (27)ports.  When they began (28)shelling coastal 5 areas, President Roosevelt intervened.  He (29)urged them to let the international court of (30)arbitration at the (31)Hague settle the (32)dispute.  They agreed.  And the (33)blockade of Venezuela ended.
Voice two:
Less than two years later, a (34)similar (35)financial problem arose in the (36)Dominican Republic.  (37)Revolutions and (38)dictatorships there prevented re-payment of foreign loans.
The United States (39)offered a (40)solution.  It would take over (41)collection of (42)import taxes at ports in the Dominican Republic. Forty-five percent of the money would be paid to the Dominican government.  The other fifty-five percent would be used to re-pay loans.  The Dominican Republic agreed.  The plan succeeded.
Some countries in Latin America and the (43)Caribbean questioned the right of the United States to act as policeman for the western hemisphere.  But none openly (44)opposed President Roosevelt's policy.
Voice one:
Theodore Roosevelt had become President after the (45)assassination of President William Mckinley.  He completed the last three years of Mckinley's term.  Then he was ready to be elected in his own right.
(46)Republican Party leaders, however, were not so sure.  Roosevelt had made businessmen angry, because of his attempts to control big companies.  But he made (47)voters happy, because of his fight for social reforms.
Roosevelt's only (48)serious (49)competitor for the (50)nomination 6 was a long-time (51)senator and Presidential (52)adviser.  But the man died before the Nominating Convention.  So, Roosevelt won the nomination easily.
Voice two:
The Democratic Party, in the past two elections, had nominated a (53)progressive, (54)Congressman William Jennings Bryan, as its (55)candidate.  This time, the Democrats 7 chose a more (56)conservative candidate.  He was a New York judge, Alton Parker.
  Judge Parker had no chance to win the election.  Theodore Roosevelt was the best-known man in America.  He won easily.
On (57)Inauguration Day, Roosevelt made a short speech.  He said America's (58)Capitalist Economic System had done much good for the country.  But it also had created a (59)crisis in social relations. And the crisis had to be solved.  "If we fail," Roosevelt said, "the cause of self-government throughout the world will (60)suffer greatly."
Voice one:
During his new term in office, President Roosevelt was able to get Congress to approve two major new laws.  One was the Hepburn act.  This law gave the (61)Interstate Commerce Commission power to limit how much railroads could charge for (62)transporting goods. The (63)purpose was to keep the cost of railroad transportation (64)reasonable.
The other new law was the (65)pure food and (66)drug act.  This law declared it (67)illegal to make or sell foods and medicines (68)containing harmful chemicals.  The purpose was to (69)protect the health of all Americans.
Voice two:
President Roosevelt's most important foreign policy success came as a result of a war between Russia and Japan.
At that time, Russia (70)occupied (71)Manchuria in Northern China.  Japan occupied Korea.  Japan wanted control of Manchuria.  It needed that area's coal and iron (72)ore.  Japan also wanted to end any Russian (73)threat to Korea.  So, it decided to fight.
Japan's (74)navy easily defeated all the Russian fleets sent to the Pacific.  But the two sides continued to fight on land.  When both began to run out of money, they accepted President Roosevelt's offer to make peace.
Voice one:
Roosevelt invited Japanese and Russian (75)Diplomats to meet with him in (76)Portsmouth, (77)New Hampshire.  He told them his greatest hope and (78)prayer was for them to find a just and lasting 8 peace quickly.  A quick settlement, however, was not easy.
Japan demanded six-hundred-million dollars for war damages.  It also wanted (79)Sakhalin Island.  Russia (80)rejected both demands.  It had agreed to give up Southern Manchuria.  Russia would give up nothing else.
(81)Negotiations lasted many days.  President Roosevelt became more and more angry when neither side would (82)compromise.  But he remained calm and kept the talks going.  Later, he said:  "what I really wanted to do was give an angry shout, jump up, and knock their heads together."
Voice two:
Finally, Roosevelt made a secret (83)appeal to the Emperor of Japan. He asked the Emperor to drop demands for money and for Sakhalin Island.  He (84)warned that Russia was ready to fight again if the peace talks failed.
The Emperor agreed to drop the demand for money.  But he still demanded half of Sakhalin Island.  Russia agreed to this compromise.  The two sides signed a peace treaty.
Voice one:
Theodore Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an end to the Russian-Japanese War.  However, his (85)efforts were (86)denounced in Japan.  Roosevelt was held responsible for the loss of war damage payments.  It was money Japan needed badly. (87)Anti-American Riots broke out in some parts of the country.  At the same time, (88)tense relations developed between American citizens and Japanese (89)immigrants in (90)California.
Poor Japanese immigrants were willing to work for low pay.  As a result, Americans lost jobs.  They (91)protested.  Then school officials in (92)San Francisco (92)barred Japanese children from attending school with white children.  President Roosevelt opposed the decision.  He asked the officials to lift the (93)ban. In (94)exchange, he agreed to ask Japan to stop its poor farmers and laborers 9 from going to live in America.
Japan said it would.  The understanding became known as the gentleman's agreement.
Voice two:
Roosevelt worked hard to improve America's (95)relations with Japan. Yet he made clear that the United States would (96)defend its interests in Asia and the Pacific.  As a warning, he sent a (97)naval force on a (98)voyage around the world.  The force (99)included sixteen battleships and twelve-thousand men.  It was called the Great White Fleet.
The voyage lasted fourteen months.  The fleet sailed down the Atlantic coast of South America.  It went around the bottom of South America into the Pacific Ocean, then on to (100)Hawaii, Australia, and Japan.  (101)surprisingly, it received its warmest welcome in Japan.
An American reporter said:  "The fleet made a deep and far-reaching (102)impression.  It caused the Japanese to understand the great power of the United States...as nothing else could possibly have done."
President Roosevelt believed this show of American strength prevented war with Japan.  "sending out the fleet," he said, "was the most important thing I did for peace."
Voice one:
Theodore Roosevelt greatly enjoyed playing the part of peace-maker.  After successfully ending the war between Russia and Japan, he was asked to settle another international dispute. At issue was control over (103)Morocco.  That will be our story next week.
(Theme)
Voice two:
You have been listening to the making of a nation -- a program in Special English by the voice of America.  Your narrators were Harry Monroe and Kay Gallant.  Our program was written by Frank Beardsley.

(1)forceful [ 5fC:sful ]adj.有力的
(2)policy [ 5pClisi ]n.政策, 方针
(3)reform [ ri5fC:m ]n.改革
(4)federal [ 5fedErEl ]adj.同盟的
(5)protection [ prE5tekFEn ]n.保护
(6)involvement [ in5vClvmEnt ]n.牵连
(7)Panama [ 7pAnE5mB: ]n.巴拿马(位于中美洲的国家)
(8)declare [ di5klZE ]vt.宣告
(9)independence [ 7indi5pendEns ]n.独立
(10)Colombia [ kE5lCmbiE ]n.哥伦比亚(南美洲西北部的一个国家,首都为波哥大Bogota)
(11)treaty [ 5tri:ti ]n.条约, 谈判
(12)responsibility [ ris7pCnsE5biliti ]n.责任, 职责
(13)financial [ fai5nAnFEl, 7fi- ]adj.财政的
(14)guarantee [ 7^ArEn5ti: ]n.保证
(15) repayment 10 [ ri:5peimEnt ]n.偿还的款项
(16)loan [ lEun ]n.贷款
(17)prevent  [ pri5vent ]v.防止
(18)issue [ 5isju: ]n.问题
(19)non-payment n. 不偿还
(20)seize [ si:z ]v.夺取
(21)territory [ 5teritEri ]n.领土
(22)hemisphere [ 5hemisfiE ]n.半球
(23)economic [ 7i:kE5nCmik ]adj.经济(上)的
(24)Venezuela [ 7vene5zweilE ]n.委内瑞拉(南美洲北部国家)
(25)refuse [ ri5fju:z ]vt.拒绝
(26)block [ blCk ] vt.封锁
(27)port [ pC:t ]n.港口
(28)shell [ Fel ] vt.炮轰
(29)urge [ E:dV ]vt.力劝
(30)arbitration [ 7B:bi5treiFEn ]n.仲裁
(31)Hague [ hei^ ]n.海牙(荷兰的中央政府所在地,在荷兰西部)
(32)dispute [ dis5pju:t ] n.争端
(33)blockade [ blC5keid ]n.封锁
(34)similar [ 5similE ]adj.相似的, 类似的
(35)financial [ fai5nAnFEl, 7fi- ]adj.财政的
(36)Dominican republic n. 多米尼加共和国
(37)revolution [ 7revE5lu:FEn ]n.革命
(38)dictatorship [ dik5teitEFip ]n.专政
(39)offer [ 5CfE ] vt.提供
(40)solution [ sE5lju:FEn ]n.解决办法,解决方案
(41)collection [ kE5lekFEn ]n.征收
(42)import [ im5pC:t ]n. 进口
(43)Caribbean [ kAri5bi(:)En ]n.加勒比海
(44)oppose [ E5pEuz ]vt.反对
(45)assassination [ E7sAsi5neiFEn ]n.暗杀
(46)Republican  [ ri5pQblikEn ] Party n.共和党
(47)voter [5vEJtE(r)]n.投票者
(48)serious [ 5siEriEs ]adj.有力的(竞争者)
(49)competitor [ kEm5petitE ]n.竞争者
(50)nomination [ nCmi5neiFEn ]n.任命
(51)senator [ 5senEtE ]n.参议员
(52)adviser n.顾问
(53)progressive [ prE5^resiv ]adj.进步的
(54)congressman [5kRN^resmEn]n.国会议员, 众议院议员
(55)candidate [ 5kAndidit ]n.候选人
(56)conservative [ kEn5sE:vEtiv ]adj.保守的
(57)inauguration [ i7nC:^ju5reiFEn ]n.就职典礼
(58)capitalist [ 5kApitElist ] adj.资本主义的
(59)crisis [ 5kraisis ]n.危机
(60)suffer [ 5sQfE ] vi.受痛苦
(61)Interstate Commerce Commission n.洲际贸易委员会
(62)transport [ trAns5pC:t ] vt.运输
(63)purpose [ 5pE:pEs ]n.目的, 意图
(64)reasonable [ 5ri:znEbl ]adj.合理的
(65)pure [ pjuE ]adj.纯的
(66)drug [ drQ^ ]n.药
(67)illegal [ i5li:^El ]adj.违法的
(68)contain [ kEn5tein ]vt.包含
(69)protect [ prE5tekt ]vt.保护
(70)occupy [ 5Ckjupai ]vt.占领
(71)Manchuria [ mAn5tFuEriE ]n.满洲(我国东北的旧称)
(72)ore [C:(r)]n.矿石, 含有金属的岩石
(73)threat [ Wret ]n.威胁
(74)navy [ 5neivi ]n.海军
(75)diplomat [ 5diplEmAt ]n.外交官
(76)Portsmouth [ 5pC:tsmEW ]朴次茅斯(英国港市)
(77)New Hampshire [ 5hAmpFiE ]n.美国新罕布什尔州
(78)prayer [ prZE ]n.祈祷
(79)Sakhalin [ sAkE5li:n ] Island n.库页岛
(80)reject [ ri5dVekt ]vt.拒绝, 抵制
(81)negotiation [ ni7^EuFi5eiFEn ]n.谈判
(82)compromise [ 5kCmprEmaiz ] v.妥协
(83)appeal [ E5pi:l ]n. 呼吁
(84)warn [ wC:n ]vt.警告
(85)effort [5efEt]n.努力
(86)denounce [ di5nauns ]vt.公开指责, 公然抨击
(87)anti-American n.反美
(88)tense [ tens ]adj.紧张的
(89)immigrant [ 5imi^rEnt ] n.移民, 侨民
(90)California [ kAli5fC:njE ]n.加利福尼亚, 加州
(91)protest [ prE5test ]v.断言抗议
(92)San Francisco [ 7sAnfrEn5siskEu ]n.旧金山(美国加利福尼亚西部港市)
(92)bar [bB:(r)]vt.禁止
(93)ban [ bB:n ]n.禁令
(94)exchange [ iks5tFeindV ] n.交换
(95)relation [ ri5leiFEn ]n.关系
(96)defend [ di5fend ]vt.防护
(97)naval [ 5neivEl ]adj.海军的
(98)voyage [5vCIIdV]n.航程
(99)include [ in5 klu:d ]vt.包括
(100)Hawaii [ hB:5waii: ]n.夏威夷, 夏威夷岛
(101)surprisingly adv.令人惊讶地
(102)impression [ im5preFEn ]n.印象
(103)morocco [ mE5rCkEu ]n.摩洛哥