专业术语—口腔生理学术语A3(英文详解)
Apatites- a family of calcium 1 phosphate salts which are found in hard tissues like bone, teeth and shells.
Apoptosis - death of a cell which is programmed by a set of specific genes 2. Apoptosis of chondrocytes allows osteoblasts to attach to their calcified 3 matrix, and the epithelial cells forming webs between the fingers to die.
Articular - one of the bones which together with the quadrate bones and the dentary, made/make up a reptile's jaw 4. In mammals the quadrate bone is incorporated into the middle ear as the malleus.
Artificial mouth - a laboratory device for keeping bacteria growing in a controlled environment It allows for observing bacteria and their growth under different experimental conditions.
Ascorbic acid - or Vitamin C is a dietary requirement for the proper formation of collagen. Deficiency causes scurvy 5.
ATP - adenosine triphosphate - ATP is a convenient packet of energy used by both animals and plant cells. The energy in ATP is stored in its three negatively charged phosphate groups which are held close together, in spite of their repulsion for each other. This energy, multiplied many hundreds of thousand of times, for each cell is able to move our muscles, transport molecules 7 across membranes 8 and power all the cells other energy requirements. Once the energy has been used the ATP molecule 6 now only has two phosphate groups. It needs energy now from either aerobic 9 or anaerobic 10 respiration 11 to charge it up again, a process known as phosphorylation. Large stores of ATP are not kept as it is highly reactive. The long term storage of energy in animals is in carbon rich molecules, such as glycogen or fatty acids. In plants energy is stored as starch 12.
Attachment 13, see epithelial-attachment
Autocrine; cell messengers which are produced by the cell itself and regulate the expression of genes .
Autonomic nervous system - controls routine body functions such as gut 14 activity, respiration, blood pressure and heart rate. There are two main divisions the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic system.
Axon - the extension of a nerve cell, as a thin tube which may be as long a metre or a few short microns in length. The axon, like the cell body is able to depolarise and carry impulses along its length. The impulses from one axon to another nerve cell are transmitted at a synapse 15. Axons may be myelinated or unmeyelinated, and they may vary in diameter. Thicker, myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than thins unmeyelinated axons.
- We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
- Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
- The rock calcified over the centuries. 经过几个世纪，石头发生了钙化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- By age 10, 50% of patients have calcified cortical tubers. 10岁的时候，50%的病人出现钙化结节。 来自互联网
- He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
- A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。
- Vitamin C deficiency can ultimately lead to scurvy.缺乏维生素C最终能道致坏血病。
- That was a scurvy trick to play on an old lady.用那样的花招欺负一个老太太可真卑鄙。
- A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
- This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。
- The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
- Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。
- The waste material is placed in cells with permeable membranes. 废液置于有渗透膜的槽中。 来自辞典例句
- The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes. 肌浆网属于细胞内膜系统。 来自辞典例句
- Aerobic exercise helps to build up stamina.有氧健身操有助于增强耐力。
- Aerobic dance is conductive to the health.有氧舞蹈有助于健康。
- Anaerobic respiration occurs only in particularly active tissues such as muscles during severe exercise. 厌氧呼吸只有在处于剧烈运动状态的肌肉等特别活跃的组织中才会发生。
- Infection,especially anaerobic infection, is much more apt to occur.感染，特别是厌氧感染很容易发生。
- They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸，可是无效。
- They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。
- Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews.玉米淀粉在炖煮菜肴中被用作增稠剂。
- I think there's too much starch in their diet.我看是他们的饮食里淀粉太多了。
- She has a great attachment to her sister.她十分依恋她的姐姐。
- She's on attachment to the Ministry of Defense.她现在隶属于国防部。
- It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
- My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。