反奴役压迫的女性领袖哈瑞特·塔伯曼

97 反奴役压迫的女性领袖哈瑞特·塔伯曼

PEOPLE IN AMERICA - September 30, 2001: Harriet TubmanBy Jeri Watson

VOICE ONE:
I'm Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Ray Freeman with the Special English program, People In America. Every week we tell the story of someone important in the history of the United States. Today we tell about Harriet Tubman, an African-American woman who fought slavery and oppression.
(THEME)
VOICE ONE:
Historians 1 say Harriet Tubman was born in the year Eighteen-Twenty. Nobody really knows. In the United States in the Nineteenth Century the birth of (1)slaves was not recorded.
We do know that Harriet Tubman was one of the bravest women ever born in the United States. She helped hundreds of people (2)escape from slavery on the Underground Railroad 2. This was a system that helped slaves escape from the South to states where slavery was (3)banned.
Because of her work on the Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman was called Moses. In the Bible 3, Moses was the leader of the (4)Jewish people enslaved in Egypt. He brought his people out of slavery to the (5)promised land.
Harriet Tubman died in Nineteen-Thirteen. All her life, she always tried to (6)improve life for African-Americans.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
From a very early age, Harriet knew how slaves (7)suffered. Her parents were slaves. They belonged to Edward Brodas, a farmer in the middle (8)Atlantic state of Maryland.
Harriet's parents tried to (9)protect her and their ten other children as much as they could. There was little they could do, however. Slaves were treated like animals. They could be sold at any time. Families often were (10)separated.
Slave children were not (11)permitted to act like children. By the time Harriet was three years old, Mister 4 Brodas ordered her to carry notes from him to other farmers. Some of these farmers lived as far as fifteen kilometers away. Harriet was (12)punished if she stopped to rest or play.
VOICE ONE:
When Harriet was six years old, the Brodas family sent her to work for another family who lived near their farm. While there, Harriet was (13)infected with the disease 5 Measles 6. Even though she was sick, she was forced to place and remove animal (14)traps in an icy river. She was sent home when she became dangerously ill.
Harriet's mother took very good care of her. The child (15)survived. Then she was sent to work in the Brodas's house.
Her owners never gave her enough to eat. One day she was working in the (16)kitchen. She was looking at a piece of sugar in a (17)silver (18)container when Missus Brodas saw her. Harriet ran away in fear. She was caught and beaten very severely 7. Her owners decided 8 that Harriet never would make a good worker in the house. She was sent to the fields.
VOICE TWO:
Harriet's parents were sad. They worked in the fields and they knew how difficult it was to survive the hard work. But working outside made Harriet's body strong. And she began to learn things from the other slaves. These things one day would help her lead her people to freedom.
Harriet heard about Nat Turner. He had led an unsuccessful (19)rebellion 10 of slaves. She heard about other slaves who had run away from their cruel owners. She was told that they had traveled by the Underground Railroad.
They did not escape by using a special train. Instead of a real train, the Underground Railroad was a (20)series of hiding places, usually in houses of people who (21)opposed slavery. These were (22)secret places that African Americans could stop at as they escaped from the South to the North. As Harriet heard stories of rebellion, she became more of a rebel 9.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE ONE:
One day when Harriet was fifteen she was at a local store. A slave owner entered and (23)threatened a young boy who was his slave. At first, the slave refused to move. Then he ran for the door.
Harriet moved in front of the young man. The slave owner reached for a heavy weight. He threw it at his slave. He missed. Instead, the heavy (24)metal object hit Harriet in the head.
Harriet almost died. Months passed before she could get out of bed. For the rest of her life, she carried the (25)mark of a deep wound on her head. And she suffered from (26)blackouts. She would suddenly lose (27)consciousness as though she had fallen asleep.
VOICE TWO:
Mister Brodas felt he would never get any good work out of Harriet. So he decided to sell her.
Harriet thought of a way to prevent this. Each time she was shown to someone who might buy her, she acted as if she were falling asleep. After awhile, Mister Brodas gave up hope of selling Harriet. He sent her back to the fields. She (28)dreamed of freedom while picking (29)vegetables and digging in the fields.
In Eighteen Forty-Four, at about age twenty-four, she married a free black man named John Tubman. By now, Harriet was sure she wanted to try to escape. It would be very dangerous. Slaves who were caught often were killed or almost beaten to death. Harriet knew she must wait for just the right time.
VOICE ONE:
Suddenly, in Eighteen-Forty-Nine, the time came. Mister Brodas died. His slaves probably would be sold to cotton farmers further South. The situation there would be even worse.
John Tubman tried to make Harriet forget about running away. He was free. Why should he make a dangerous trip with a woman breaking the law? Harriet decided that her (30)marriage to John must end.
Harriet heard that she was to be sold (31)immediately. She knew she needed to tell her family that she was leaving. She began to sing, softly 11 at first, then louder. She sang the words, "I'm sorry to leave you...I'm going to the promised land." Her family understood.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
Harriet ran to the home of a white woman who had promised to help. This woman (32)belonged to the (33)Quakers, a (34)religious group which hated slavery. The Quaker woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide.
Harriet went from house to house that way on the Underground Railroad. Each place was a little closer to the eastern state of Pennsylvania. Slavery was banned there. Once she was hidden under hay 12 that had been cut from the fields. Another time, she wore men's clothing. Finally, she crossed the (35)border into Pennsylvania.
Later, she told a friend, "I felt like I was in heaven."
VOICE ONE:
Now that Harriet was free, she did not forget the hundreds of other slaves back in Maryland. During the next ten years, she led a much (36)expanded Underground Railroad. She freed her parents, her sister, brothers and other family members. She found a home for her parents in Auburn, New York.
Harriet traveled back and forth 13 eighteen times, helping 14 about three-hundred slaves escape into free territory. She became an expert at hiding from slave hunters. At one time, anyone finding 15 Harriet was promised forty-thousand-dollars for catching 16 her -- dead or alive. The people she helped called her Moses. She had (37)rescued them from slavery just as the (38)biblical Moses rescued the Jews.
Harriet found another way to fight slavery after the (39)Civil War began in Eighteen-Sixty-One. Seven southern states decided to separate from the United States, mainly over the issue of slavery. The northern states refused to let the United States of America break apart.
After fighting began, Harriet Tubman went into enemy territory to spy for the North. She also served as a nurse. After four years of bloody 17 fighting, the North won the war.
President Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves in Eighteen-Sixty-Three. There was no longer any need for Harriet to be Moses.
((MUSIC BRIDGE))
VOICE TWO:
After the fighting ended, Harriet Tubman returned to Auburn, New York. She married a man named Nelson Davis. This could have been the beginning of a few quiet years of family life for her.
But she kept working. She traveled and gave speeches to raise money for better education for black children. She also worked for women's rights and housing 18. And she sought help for old men and women who had been slaves.
Harriet Tubman died in Nineteen-Thirteen. She was about ninety-three years old. By that time, she was (40)recognized as an American hero. The United States government gave a funeral with (41)military (42)honors for the woman known as (43)Moses.
(THEME)
VOICE ONE:
This program was written by Jeri Watson. I'm Shirley Griffith.
VOICE TWO:
I'm Ray Freeman. Listen again next week at this time for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America.

(1) slave[ sleiv ]n.奴隶v.辛勤努力
(2) escape[ is5keip ]n.逃, 逃亡, 溢出设备, 出口, 逃跑, [植]野生vi.逃脱, 避开,
(3) ban[ bB:n ]n.禁令vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)
(4) Jewish[ 5dVu(:)iF ]adj.犹太人的, 犹太族的
(5) promise[ 5prCmis ]vt.允诺, 答应n.允诺, 答应, 许诺
(6) improve[ im5pru:v ]v.改善, 改进
(7) suffer[ 5sQfE ]vt.遭受, 经历, 忍受vi.受痛苦, 受损害
(8) Atlantic[ Et5lAntik ]n.大西洋adj.大西洋的
(9) protect[ prE5tekt ]vt.保护
(10) separate[ 5sepEreit ]adj.分开的, 分离的, 个别的, 单独的v.分开, 隔离, 分散,
(11) permit[ pE(:)5mit ]n.通行证, 许可证, 执照v.许可, 允许, 准许
(12) punish[ 5pQniF ]vt.惩罚, 处罚
(13) infect[ in5fekt ]vt.[医] 传染, 感染
(14) trap[ trAp ]n.圈套, 陷阱, 诡计, 活板门, 存水弯, 汽水闸, (双轮)轻便马车vi.
(15) survivable[ sE5vaivEbl ]可长存的, 可存活的 可免于死亡的
(16) kitchen[ 5kitFin ]n.厨房, 炊具, 炊事人员
(17) silver[ 5silvE ]n.银, 银子vt.镀银
(18) container[ kEn5teinE ]n.容器(箱,盆,罐,壶,桶,坛子), 集装箱
(19) rebellion[ ri5beljEn ]n.谋反, 叛乱, 反抗, 不服从
(20) series[ 5siEri:z ]n.连续, 系列, 丛书, 级数
(21) oppose[ E5pEuz ]vt.反对, 使对立, 使对抗, 抗争vi.反对
(22) secret[ 5si:krit ]n.秘密, 秘诀, 奥秘adj.秘密的, 隐秘的, 幽静的
(23) threaten[ 5Wretn ]vt.恐吓, 威胁, 预示(危险), 似有发生或来临的可能, 可能来
(24) metal[ 5metl ]n.金属
(25) mark[ mB:k ]n.标志, 分数, 痕迹, 记号vt.做标记于, 打分数, 标志vi.作记号
(26) blackout[ 5blAkaut ]n.灯火管制, (暂时的)眩晕, 中断
(27) consciousness[ 5kCnFEsnis ]n.意识, 知觉, 自觉, 觉悟, 个人思想
(28) dream[ dri:m ]v.做梦, 梦见, 梦想, 想到n.梦, 梦想
(29) vegetable[ 5vedVitEbl ]n.蔬菜, 植物, 生活呆板单调的人adj.蔬菜的, 植物的
(30) marriage[ 5mAridV ]n.结婚, 婚姻, 婚姻生活, 密切结合, 合并
(31) immediately[ i5mi:djEtli ]adv.立即, 马上, 直接地
(32) belong[ bi5lCN ]vi.属于, 住
(33) Quaker[ 5kweikE ]n.教友派信徒, 贵格会会员
(34) religious[ ri5lidVEs ]adj.信奉宗教的, 虔诚的, 宗教上的, 修道的, 严谨的n.
(35) border[ 5bC:dE ]n.边界, 国界, 边, 边沿, 边境vt.与...接壤, 接近v.接壤
(36) expand[ iks5pAnd ]vt.使膨胀, 详述, 扩张vi.张开, 发展
(37) rescue[ 5reskju: ]vt.援救, 营救n.援救, 营救
(38) Biblical[ 5biblikEl ]adj.圣经的
(39) civil[ 5sivl ]adj.全民的, 市民的, 公民的, 国民的, 民间的.民事的, 根据民法的,
(40) recognize[ 5rekE^naiz ]vt.认可, 承认, 公认, 赏识vi.具结
(41) military[ 5militEri ]adj.军事的, 军用的
(42) honor[ 5CnE ]n.尊敬, 敬意, 荣誉, 光荣vt.尊敬, 给以荣誉
(43) Moses[ 5mEuziz ]n.摩西(《圣经》故事中犹太人古代领袖), 领导者, 立法者