时间:2019-01-02 作者:英语课 分类:欧洲自然写真


英语课

As the sun beat down, something like 4,000 cubic kilometers of water evaporated from the Mediterranean 1 surface every year. And with no Atlantic water to replenish 2 it, the Mediterranean dried out. In just a thousand years, it became a desert basin of salt pans and caustic 3 lakes. The rivers that once fed the Mediterranean cut deeper and deeper into the rock, chasing the dropping shoreline and forming a labyrinth 4 of dramatic gorges 5.

Just a few million years ago, France's Rhone Valley must have looked more like the Grand Canyon 6. So intense was the heat in the basin that these waterfalls evaporated before they even reached the old seafloor. For tens of thousands of years, a natural dam between present-day Morocco and the Rock of Gibraltar held the waters of the Atlantic bay. The Mediterranean basin remained an almost lifeless expanse of salt, sand and parched 7 earth. But as Africa pushed and pulled Europe's southern boundary, the pressures on the crust became unbearable 8. Rising tides weakened the land bridge and then the Atlantic burst its way over the precipice 9. So began the most gigantic flood ever. At its peak, enormous waterfalls a thousand times grander than Niagara thundered into the basin. More than 100 cubic kilometers of water gushed 10 past Gibraltar every day.

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words and expressions

replenish: To fill or make complete again; add a new stock or supply to:
补充:把…再装满或再备足;给…新添备料或供给

caustic: Capable of burning, corroding 11, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action.腐蚀性的:通过化学反应可被灼烧、腐蚀、销溶或蚀尽的

expanse: A wide and open extent, as of surface, land, or sky.
广阔:广阔的水面、陆地或天空

parched:炎热的

precipice:An overhanging or extremely steep mass of rock, such as a crag or the face of a cliff.
悬崖:悬崖或极其陡峭的岩石,如岩崖或悬崖壁



adj.地中海的;地中海沿岸的
  • The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
  • Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。
vt.补充;(把…)装满;(再)填满
  • I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted.我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。
  • We have to import an extra 4 million tons of wheat to replenish our reserves.我们不得不额外进口四百万吨小麦以补充我们的储备。
adj.刻薄的,腐蚀性的
  • He opened his mouth to make a caustic retort.他张嘴开始进行刻薄的反击。
  • He enjoys making caustic remarks about other people.他喜欢挖苦别人。
n.迷宫;难解的事物;迷路
  • He wandered through the labyrinth of the alleyways.他在迷宫似的小巷中闲逛。
  • The human mind is a labyrinth.人的心灵是一座迷宫。
n.山峡,峡谷( gorge的名词复数 );咽喉v.(用食物把自己)塞饱,填饱( gorge的第三人称单数 );作呕
  • The explorers were confronted with gorges(that were)almost impassable and rivers(that were)often unfordable. 探险人员面临着几乎是无路可通的峡谷和常常是无法渡过的河流。 来自辞典例句
  • We visited the Yangtse Gorges last summer. 去年夏天我们游历了长江三峡。 来自辞典例句
n.峡谷,溪谷
  • The Grand Canyon in the USA is 1900 metres deep.美国的大峡谷1900米深。
  • The canyon is famous for producing echoes.这个峡谷以回声而闻名。
adj.焦干的;极渴的;v.(使)焦干
  • Hot winds parched the crops.热风使庄稼干透了。
  • The land in this region is rather dry and parched.这片土地十分干燥。
adj.不能容忍的;忍受不住的
  • It is unbearable to be always on thorns.老是处于焦虑不安的情况中是受不了的。
  • The more he thought of it the more unbearable it became.他越想越觉得无法忍受。
n.悬崖,危急的处境
  • The hut hung half over the edge of the precipice.那间小屋有一半悬在峭壁边上。
  • A slight carelessness on this precipice could cost a man his life.在这悬崖上稍一疏忽就会使人丧生。
v.喷,涌( gush的过去式和过去分词 );滔滔不绝地说话
  • Oil gushed from the well. 石油从井口喷了出来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Clear water gushed into the irrigational channel. 清澈的水涌进了灌溉渠道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
使腐蚀,侵蚀( corrode的现在分词 )
  • That sour nature has started corroding those metal parts. 那酸质已开始腐蚀那金属部件。
  • He was driven by a corroding rage for "perfection". 他受追求“完美境界”的极端热情所驱策。
学英语单词
absorber keying
Adams Seamount
antigenic specificity
Apeldoorn
apparent gap density
arable land
asymmetrical desmosome
at the ebb
auricularia peltata
battery-fed motor
buffering effect
business end
calibrated air speed knots
canard wing
cargo containment system
chlorodesmis cosmosa bail. et harv.
client letter of representation
clinterocera davidis
Code of Conduct for Liner Conference
cortexes
Crossosoma
deep radial veins
Dernekpazari
detonatings
doliema ferruginea
extraembryonic membrane
factory layout
Farre's tubercles
floor socket outlet
frank read source
gas power unit
grain unloader
Grevillea banksii
groundsel bushes
heteropycnotic
Hofstra University
holochilus
Hudson bay collared lemming
hydroperoxidase
illiterate
infantile acute hemorrhagic edema of the skin
insulated isolation
integrating phase meter
internal carotid
Iris loczyi
iyengars
loss rate of steam and water in power plant
lotio plumbi cum opio
lycopodium chinense christ
macrocytotic
main bearing boring machine
mathematic(al)
McKinney, L.
medium oil alkyd resin
monotron hardness test
ninth-centuries
nonfibrillar
ocular elephantiasis
oligotrophication
Omaine
option charge
overheating fault
Parida, I.
parry manzanitas
passenger information display system
Petronius Arbiter
plumular axis
progressive dry kiln
prom
rave out
receiving objective
renounce claim to an inheritance
rivel-ravel
sauropodomorph
scatemia
schistose crystalline rocks
scott lappet loom
settlings-in
shank width
sidewise mismatch
siphoning drainage of the reactor vessel
snowy mts.
somersaultings
tactile glove
take priority
Talibanizes
technocritic
test set-up
thermodynamic critical field
three-courser
tilt angle control
transuranium element
trimming press chipping edger
twist drills
two-inches
uk -ability
University College, London
vagus (nerve)
Waltham Forest
well-given
worm casing
yuck factor