时间:2018-12-31 作者:英语课 分类:英语听力文摘 English Digest


英语课

   How Neanderthals Fought Disease


 
  Every year people are encouraged to get their annual flu shots. Signs are posted at drug stores and clinics. Get your shots here. Modern preventive medicine has saved millions of lives. But you may be surprised to hear that Neanderthals may have helped ancient humans prevent disease. Not with medicine but with immunity 1 genes 3.
 
  Humans have a group of about two hundred genes that keep our immune system running smoothly 4. These genes allow our bodies to respond to a large number of disease causing agents and adapt to new disease. One of those genes has an allele, HLA C0702, that can be found in many European and Asian people, but not in Africans. Another allele, HLA A11, is found mostly in Asians.
 
  Both alleles were found in Neanderthal DNA 5. Scientists studying ancient Neanderthals believe they may know why some modern people have the immunity alleles while others do not. When humans moved out of Africa one hundred thousand years ago, their immune systems were adapted to fight African diseases. Neanderthals on the other hand had already been living in Europe and Asia for thousands of years. They had been exposed to different diseases, and different alleles had evolved to combat them.
 
  Scientists already know that the modern human genome is somewhere between one and four percent Neanderthal in origin. It is not a far leap to speculate that inbreeding may have resulted in shared immunity genes, too. More research is needed to determine if the gene 2 alleles came from a common ancestor, or directly from Neanderthals. In either case, the story of inheriting disease resistance is important in understanding modern man’s survival and migration 6 around the world.

n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
n.遗传因子,基因
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
学英语单词
alarm facilities
alpha axp 21164
American melting point
anti-hazard classification
antikaon
as warm as a toast
astern oil cylinder
basilyst
beaf
biflagellate
boofheaded
bromoalkenes
cellular polyethylene
centerpunching
cervical smears
cicatricial phase
coaxial feed
communest
conclusin
condition code examination
contraction cavity
conveyance of land
curative
Dalmatian wettability
Darakuyeh
dephonemicization
derisi
distribute bonuses out of profits
dressed tube
duricrust
dust collector for cupola
Economic earnings
electrical fitting
ex gratia payment
execution of work
fibre-film bundle
foundable
four-lane road
fresh peas cutler
gunungan
halticorcus ornatipennis
herpetology
highland-oak (quarcus wisliceni a. dc.)
immuno suppressivedrug
iodoacetates
isotoxic
jacket launching
karayannis
Konkanis
large econometric model
lilled
liver regeneration
mapping norm
melding
myurous
Ndembu
neophotonics
no half a bad fellow
off-budget deficit
order-disorder (phase) transition
orthodox seed
panegyrism
paper packing
parchment skin
peptide bond
Perfectly competitive financial markets
petrogenic grid
phase failure sensitive thermal-overload release
plaid squares
predictive maintenance
randall jarrells
readdicts
relay protection system
riant
riffier
sagewoman
sand kicker
santa barbara basin
Santa Susana
sentiency
sextyping
shambas
sheriff's picture frame
shoe-horned
silicon nitride fibre reinforcement
spool holder wire hinge screw
sulfocarbamide
support capacity
sweet-scented osmanthus
symbolic polynomial
TalkTalk
the living
thrashing floors
tigonin
type tests
Ultonian
Viola moupinensis
water-gas-tar creosote
wavells
WHC (Westinghouse Hanford Co.)
wind-rights
wissenlands