英语听力文摘 English Digest 632 昆虫是如何对抗细菌和寄生虫的？
时间：2018-12-31 作者：英语课 分类：英语听力文摘 English Digest
英语课
How Insects Fight Bacteria And Parasites 1
Imagine that you’re an insect, and that you’ve fallen ill because some bacteria or parasites have invaded your body. If you want to make it to a ripe old bug 2 age, your body will need to fight off these invaders 4.
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Invaders
The problem is that if you’re a bug, your life span may be only a few days long. This means that unlike humans, you simply don’t have the time to lounge around in bed, watching TV and waiting for your body to figure out how to fight off each disease it encounters.
Still, there’s no reason for your insect self to panic. Evolution has provided you with what scientists call innate 5 immunity 6, which you inherit from your parents. Innate immunity means that your bug body has the capability 7 to instantly recognize and destroy many dangerous intruders.
Here’s How Innate Immunity Works
In your bug body there is a fluid called hemolymph, which is equivalent to human blood. If you’re injured, components 8 in the hemolymph interact with specialized 9 cells in your immune system to clot 10 and form a scab that seals off your wound and prevents infection. The hemolymph also contains proteins that are ready to kill invaders like bacteria or fungi 11. However, some invaders, like tiny parasitic 12 insects, may be too large for the proteins to handle.
In this case, your body encapsulates the invader 3 and walls it off from the rest of the body. The encapsulated invader then stays inside you for the rest of your natural bug life, or until you fly into a windshield, whichever comes first.
寄生物( parasite的名词复数 )； 靠他人为生的人； 诸虫
- These symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的，而与寄生虫无关。
- Kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器
- There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
- The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。
n.侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者
- They suffered a lot under the invader's heel.在侵略者的铁蹄下，他们受尽了奴役。
- A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 )
- They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
- The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的
- You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
- Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权
- The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
- He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
n.能力；才能；(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
- She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
- Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分
- the components of a machine 机器部件
- Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
adj.专门的，专业化的
- There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
- These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
n.凝块；v.使凝成块
- Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
- The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。
n.真菌，霉菌
- Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
- The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。