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The Tang(唐) armies controlled vast areas on both sides of the Great Wall. So it was no longer needed as a defense and it fell into ruin. To maintain order in the steppes, the Tang preferred to make

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In summer, dried-up river valleys offered easy invasion routes for horsemen bent on sacking the rich Chinese towns of the plains. And this is why these passes were heavily fortified, even though they

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With the Mongols expelled, the new rulers, the Ming emperors, were determined that an invasion would never happen again. And so in 1368, when Europe was being decimated by the Black Plague(黑死病, 鼠

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Here on a steep slope, defensive walls rise in steps up to the watchtower. So if the enemy did make it to the top of the wall, the crucial watchtowers could be fiercely defended. The watchtowers thems

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The tombs all followed the same basic design, a temple in front and a walled enclosure with the underground tomb behind. Because Wanli(万历) ruled for so long, he constructed a huge tomb. And in 195

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The new Manchu dynasty tried something different with their neighbors, diplomacy. Here in their lovely Summer Palace, they greeted delegations from all over the Eastern world. Attendance was compulsor

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When the British arrived at the emperor's summer residence, they were lavishly entertained and spent days touring its beautiful parks and temples. Macartney(马戛尔尼), a good Englishman and loyal

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And many never returned home, ending up in graveyards like this one. Large tombs for generals, small ones for the soldiers, and all of them died defending the Great Wall. But the soldiers' misery did

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So when they left the sheltering walls of Dunhuang(敦煌), heading for the desert that local people referred to as

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It is a staggering 2,700 miles longer than the first Great Wall of the Emperor Qin. There is no wood, water or stone in the desert. But the Han managed to build a wall that has resisted 2,000 years of

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In the heart of a harsh winter, Meng Jiangnu(孟姜女) decided to visit her husband who had been sent to work on the construction of the wall. Bringing warm clothes for her beloved husband, she went

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Often, the only clue he has, is from some ancient text. And it is up to him to puzzle out the arcane references and make them fit the modern landscape. Armed only with a walking stick to fend off snak

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It's a thousand times longer than any monument ever built. Started before the Birth of Christ, it was still being built when Columbus sailed to America and millions died in its making. What unspeakabl

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Throughout their long history, the Chinese have been farmers. If you are committed to your land, you stay put and accumulate possessions--land, livestock and homes that you fill with furniture and goo

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These aren't miniatures, they are life-size. So far, the Chinese have only dug up 10% of the site. And already thousands of warriors and some 10,000 weapons have been discovered. Look closely at the f