时间:2018-12-30 作者:英语课 分类:词汇大师(Wordmaster)


英语课

AA: This is Avi Arditti with Rosanne Skirble, and this week on Wordmaster -- as delegates in South Africa discuss racism 1, we discuss the language of race.


RS: About thirteen percent of Americans are African American. They are now rivaled in number by Hispanics, who can be of any race. Asians have reached four percent of the population.


AA: Still, as of last year's Census 2, the great majority of Americans identified themselves as "white."


TAPE: CUT ONE -- BING


"I call myself Euro-American in some of my classes, and my students get really offended by that."


RS: Janet Bing is a linguistics 3 professor at Old Dominion 4 University in Virginia. She has worked on diversity training at her school, to help different people learn to get along. In her words, "We're all ethnic 5 in some sense."


TAPE: CUT TWO -- ARDITTI/BING


AA: "Race and ethnicity -- what is the difference?"


BING: "We tend to use race for color, I think, more, and ethnicity for culture, but in fact the two can't be separated, just like language and culture can't be separated."


AA: And when a particular group lacks much power, she says, whatever term is used for that group eventually becomes negative.


TAPE: CUT THREE -- BING/ARDITTI


BING: "For example the term 'Negro' was the polite term actually when I was a child, but it's associated with a group that had very little power or status in this society, and so the term became negative. So people wanted a more positive term and they changed it to 'black,' and now it's 'African American' or 'Afro-American.'"


AA: "Now what about the term 'people of color'?"


BING: "Well, at the university level, it is THE term, the polite term. At least at the university where I teach, we have a lot of international people and a lot of blacks and a lot of Asian Americans. They refer to themselves as 'people of color.' I think it's a unifying 6 term for them."


RS: Although "Caucasian" and "Anglo" are a couple of terms used for white Americans, mostly they're just called "white." But a professor who teaches courses on race and ethnicity has noticed a change.


TAPE: CUT FOUR -- MODEL


"Actually in social science now you will see the term 'European American' used somewhat more, or sometimes we will say 'non-Hispanic white.'"


AA: Sue Model [moe-DELL] at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.


TAPE: CUT FIVE -- MODEL


"From my perspective as a sociologist 7, I think it is unfortunate that words like 'racism' have come to have the more general meaning of any kind of disadvantage associated with a wide variety of racial or ethnic mixtures, when in fact I think the difference in experience is primarily between people of African origin and others."


RS: To many people, "diversity" simply means racial diversity. This past week, however, a court ruling challenged that view.


AA: A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that it's unconstitutional for the University of Georgia to award "bonus points" to any non-white applicant 8. The judges wrote: "We assume that there is value in having a racially-diverse student body, but racial diversity alone is not necessarily the hallmark of a diverse student body."


RS: They noted 9 that a white student from a disadvantaged rural area in Appalachia may well have more to offer the university than a non-white applicant from an affluent 10 family. But Sue Model says its unlikely that a white student would face the same kind of scrutiny 11 that non-whites sometimes face.


TAPE: CUT SIX -- MODEL


"It is very unlikely that anyone is going to be very closely watching that Appalachian when she or he goes to buy a record or goes into a five-and-dime store, to make sure that he or she doesn't walk out with something."


RS: Sue Model says part of the problem with language is that it really hasn't kept up with change in America.


TAPE: CUT SEVEN -- MODEL


"I think that unfortunately what is happening is that language is confusing us, that in our attempt to be inclusive, that in a sense we are more inclusive by using let's say a word like 'racism' instead of a word like 'anti-African Americanism,' which would be much more specific. We could use many, many more words to describe the various ways that different groups could be defined or could relate to one another than we have. Our language is impoverished 12 relative to the diversity, if I could use that word, of our experience."


RS: And that's all for Wordmaster this week. With Avi Arditti, I'm Rosanne Skirble.


MUSIC: "You Don't Bring Me Floriculturally Diverse Polyfragrant Soilistically Challenged Multipetaled Victims of Pesticidal Food Chain Chauvinism"/The Capitol Steps



n.民族主义;种族歧视(意识)
  • He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
  • Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。
n.(官方的)人口调查,人口普查
  • A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
  • The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。
n.语言学
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • Linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。
n.统治,管辖,支配权;领土,版图
  • Alexander held dominion over a vast area.亚历山大曾统治过辽阔的地域。
  • In the affluent society,the authorities are hardly forced to justify their dominion.在富裕社会里,当局几乎无需证明其统治之合理。
adj.人种的,种族的,异教徒的
  • This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏,这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
  • The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。
使联合( unify的现在分词 ); 使相同; 使一致; 统一
  • In addition, there were certain religious bonds of a unifying kind. 此外,他们还有某种具有一种统一性质的宗教上的结合。
  • There is a unifying theme, and that is the theme of information flow within biological systems. 我们可以用一个总的命题,把生物学系统内的信息流来作为这一研究主题。
n.研究社会学的人,社会学家
  • His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家,研究社会主义。
  • Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
adj.富裕的,富有的,丰富的,富饶的
  • He hails from an affluent background.他出身于一个富有的家庭。
  • His parents were very affluent.他的父母很富裕。
n.详细检查,仔细观察
  • His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好,但是经不起仔细检查。
  • Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。
adj.穷困的,无力的,用尽了的v.使(某人)贫穷( impoverish的过去式和过去分词 );使(某物)贫瘠或恶化
  • the impoverished areas of the city 这个城市的贫民区
  • They were impoverished by a prolonged spell of unemployment. 他们因长期失业而一贫如洗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
ac josephson effect
acidulous element
ALD-BSA
allomerize
ALPURCOMS
Amomum aurantiacum
appellable
asymptotic structure
back-staff
be angry about
behandling
Belgic
bipolar-cmos amplifiers
Bristaciclina
bubblies
Capana
cartel-like agreement
cataractal
CHG'D
climatotheraphy
co2-silicate process
commerciate
continuous current converter
D-Dimer
DBF-HSP
debbier
declivity of keel
determination of time
disprivilege
dust-prevention agriplast film
echinodermatas
elevation board
Enines
exponent
flame blocker
For the Common Safety
frame scan transformator
gametophyte carrier
grate ball mill
green mature
greven
grimmas
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
hoidens
homogenous functions
I'm willing
ice cores
jet ignition system
know through and through
lamellibranches
land sake
line-shooters
long term manuring
magnetic field due to current
MCAP
medium-frequency changer
mesorchium
meteorological instrumentation
mid-range positioning system
mid-westerners
mining room and pillar
mirgil
moderate heat portland cement
motor luggage van
mountain ash
MP-TV
multichannel applicative signal analyzer
multiconcentric
multiple shearing machine
Murray Valley
non-selective radiation
nonsimulated
oil-prospectings
one touch control
path generation method
point vision
pre-budget
pteris venusta kunze
radial earth
radioscopes
rebaited
rerefy
reshears
rosin-cerate
scariness
settlement action
silicon single crystal rod
socket gauge
soft X-ray filter
solar spectrograph
strakelet
supercritical unit
task table
texture coating
tiger moth
tom boys
transistorise
true up
unanimity rule
up to this time
Wiechert seismograph
ziphodont