99.3上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试参考答案

参考答案:
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Spot Dictation
1. finish training 2. no atmosphere
3. football players 4. Team spirit
5. motivate the team 6. as individuals
7. put too much pressure on them 8. too tense
9. giving people autonomy 10. very rarely interfere 1
11. on their results 12. keep on employint them
13. making more substitutions 14. leave them alone
15. don’t feel 16. want to discuss it
17. in a couple of days’ time 18. fight back
19. down to your attitude 20. waste my time on them
Part B: Listening Comprehension
1-5 D B C C D 6-10 C D A B C
11-15 C A D D B 16-20 B B C C A
SECTION 2: READING TEST
1-5 D A C B D 6-10 D C A B B
11-15 D B B D C 16-20 D B C D B
SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST
对家庭未来的担忧，其主要来源不是根植于现实，而是根植于文化上理想化的期望与
现实本身之间的紧张关系。对一种已失落的家庭传统的怀念（实际上，这种家庭传统从未
存在过）影响了我们对现代社会家庭状况的了解。因此，时下对家庭命运的担忧，不仅反
映出家庭里的问题，而且也反映了对其他社会问题各种各样的忧虑，而这些社会问题最终
都投射到家庭上。
今天，美国家庭面临的真正问题不是人们常常所说的家庭崩溃的症状，而是反映出美
国家庭难以适应最近的社会变化，尤其是难以适应家庭成员多样性的丧失，难以适应家庭
功能多样化的衰退，以及在某种程度上难以适应家庭性的弱化。把家庭理想化为远离世界
的庇护所，以及把母亲参加工作说成是有害的神话，更平添了相当大的压力。从历史经验
来看，不断强调家庭是万能的私人庇护所和感情的避难地是一种误导。
SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
1. profit 2. media
3. direct 4. magazines
5. exciting 6. interested
7. radio 8. remember
9. nationally 10. expensive
11. mail 12. potential
13. junk 14. read/opened
15. billboards 2 16. permanent
17. short 18. posters
19. supermarkets 20. cheap
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
1. 近年来，人们已习惯于越来越高的通涨率，虽然有时候还有些抱怨。
2. 我们正对人们的阅读习惯做全国范围的调查，你能花5 分钟回答几个问题吗？
3. 几乎半个美国地区的气温降到零度以下，已有3 人冻死，数百人寻找临时住所。
4. 这代人的趣味和爱好和他们父辈已十分不同，这个事实已从许多方面影响到我们的商业
和工业。
5. 对来伦敦旅游而又没多少钱可花的人不啻为好消息的是，许多值得一看的最好去处是完
全免费的。
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
1. 工资谈判进行不顺利。我们想把提薪与生产率水平挂钩，但是工会拒绝了。最后到了
他们要威胁罢工的地步。我们就把所有雇员都解聘了。我们给每个人发信说他们的受
聘期到某时终止。然后我们向他们提供新的雇佣合同，使加薪和生产率挂钩。他们一
个个都让了步，签了合同。
2. 泰晤士河是英格兰最长的河流，它塑造了该国的历史。没有它，就不会有我们今天所
了解的伦敦。泰晤士河对不同的人有不同的意义。划船者把它看作“运动之河”。每
年3 月，数千观众站在岸边观看牛津大学对剑桥大学的划船比赛。画家和作家把这条
河看作灵感的源泉。对商人来说，泰晤士河是条工作之河。每星期有一千多条船停靠
伦敦的码头，使伦敦成为英格兰最大的港口，特别是在木材、纸张、酒和粮食的进口
方面。
SECTION 5: TRANSLATION TEST
1. Braille system is a language system designed for the blind people. It was devised by the
French Louis Braille in the 19th century and it is based on a system of six raised dots/dots
arranged in different forms/organizes six raised dots in different ways to represent each
character in alphabet.
2. The major issue is the introduction of capital letters into the Braille system used in UK.
Supporters and opponents have different views towards this issue/over the advantages and
disadvantages of introduction of capital letters.
3. Mr. Phippen expresses the view of BAUK and gives the explanation that BAUK’s decision
is based on the quextionnaire, From their investigation 3 of situations in other countries, he
reasons that the introduction of capital letters is applicable and acceptable.
4. The passage reveals that the majority of women are still involved in housework/cores
despite improvement in their education, better job opportunities and higher income.
5. Gender 4 stereotypes 5 refers to conventional/usually over simplified conception of roles, jobs
of male/female/man/woman. The typical/unvarying/fixed pattern of selecting majors shows
the expression of gender stereotypes at the level of higher education, i.e., boys choose maths,
physics and chemistry and girls choose English language, science and history.
6. The major changes can be found in better education, large increase of female undergraduates,
better fobs, significant increase of women in work and changes/improvement in the
relationship between sexes.
7. The new form of cloning refers to the cloning of human embryo 6, which can lead to the
growth of spare body parts. The purpose of such cloning is “therapeutic 7”, that is, to use the
technology to treat some fatal/life-threatening diseases or repair damaged/bad organs.
8. Cons 8: the negative views consider such technology is “very disturbing” and “intrinsically
evil”, they equate 9 it with “replicating 10 a living human being”/they hold that it is not different
from cloning a human being.
Pros 11: The positive views hold that the purpose of such cloning is to treat/cure
fatal/life-threatening diseases and it is within the “current regulation” and will not be used
for other purposes/wrongly.
9. The sentence means that technically 12 the cloning of human embryo is no longer a problem
and what is needed most in the development of such technology is financial
funding/aid/support.
10. As human skin, bones, muscles, nerves and vital organs all grow from embryonic 13 stem cells,
the discovery of such cells will lead to the growth of spare body parts for “repairing
damaged organs”. or body parts.
SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST
The autumn in Shanghai is always the best time of the year in terms of weather. The last
World Students Games of this century which was attended by more than 1 300 participants from
35 countries and regions was held in Shanghai in October 1998.
The time (that) those young people from various countries of the world spent in Shanghai
was short, but the outlook of Shanghai and traditional Chinese culture have left a very deep
impression on them. Whether visiting the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower on the
Huangpu River or touring the City God Temple in a quiet corner of the city, they invariably felt
the miraculous 14 combination of tradition and modernity. The profound traditional Chinese culture
struck those foreign youngsters as mysterious and novel. This cognition came from the
short-time contact, but from then on they will never forget that there is such a nation living in the
East of the world.
听力测试题录音文字稿:
SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Spot Dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with
blanks in it, Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your
answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the
passage only once. Now let us begin Part A with Spot Dictation.
Building team spirit is always the focal point of what I have been trying to do as a manager.
When I first went to Crystal Palace, football players would finish training and then go straight
home. There was no atmosphere, So we brought in a pool table and fruit machines. When
football players choose to spend time together, it generates a better atmosphere.
The team spirit is very important, but I don’t believe in trying to motivate the team as a
team. I try to motivate them as individuals. So I don’t give team talks. I speak to the players
individually. And I try not to put too much pressure on them. I believe that football players
perform best when they are relaxed. If they’re too tense, I can guarantee they won’t play well in
a game.
I also believe in giving people autonomy. I like all the people who work for me to be
autonomous; therefore, I very rarely interfere. I feel people should be judged on their results, If
they prove incompetent 15, then I’m incompetent if I keep on employing them.
It’s like that with the team. I get criticized for not interfering 16 during a game and making
more substitutions. Then I’m incompetent if I keep on employing them.
It’s like that with the team. I get criticized for not interfering during a game and making
more substitutions. But I feel if I’ve chosen those eleven players to get a result, then I should
leave them alone to get on with it.
If I’m dropping a player from the team, I don’t feel I have to explain it to them. If they want
to discuss it, I’ll say “Come back and talk about it in a couple of days time.” But I don’t try to
re-motivate them. It’s up to them to have the character to fight back. I’m a great believer that
almost everything you achieve in life is down to your attitude. If I have a football player who is
magnificently gifted but has a stinking 17 attitude, I won’t waste my time on them.
Part B: Listening comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each
one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken
only once, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be
spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have
heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your
ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following radio programme.
Woman: Today we begin a two-part look at the opportunities which are available to mature
students through the Open University. The Open University was founded in 1969 and
it offers a range of courses, varying in length and type, to adults studying in their own
home and in their own time. Like all universities, it awards degrees and we’ll be
looking at the range of degree courses in next week’s programme. But today, we’re
going to concentrate on the pre-degree courses which the O.U. offers.
And to find out what doing such a cou8rse involves, I’ve invited an Open University
student, Steve Marshfield, into the studio.
Steve—you’ve done one course already and you’re now in the middle of your second
year. Is that right?
Man: Yes, I did an Arts foundation course first and now I’m doing the Social Sciences one.
Woman: When did you leave school?
Man: 16.
Woman: So really this was the first time you’d ever had to get down to study. Was that hard?
Man: Yes it was, it was hard and it’s gonna be even harder…
Woman: What’s hard especially? Is it the discipline?
Man: Yes it’s the discipline of switching from being a manual labourer to a mental labourer.
For me it’s really difficult.
Woman: How did you hear about the Open University?
Man: I used to see the programmes on the television when I got in from the night shift.
They’re on from twenty past seven to a quarter to eight on Thursdays.
Woman: Is that the only time they’re shown?
Man: NO, they’re shown on Sunday morning. I’d like to know more about this. But it’s a
repeat of Thursday’s. Anyway, I thought I’d like to know more about this.
Man: Well, you’re supposed to do a unit a week and they say to allow 15 hours a unit. But I
just haven’t got that amount of time to spare—not without completely reorganising my
life, anyway. I reckon you can get away with two-thirds a minimum of 10 hours. A
good Saturday and Sunday.
Woman: How did you get on with the exam at the end of the course?
Man: I completely fluffed the exam. I made an absolute hash of it! I did pass the course but I
realize now that it was in spite of the exam. I realize that because I had a letter from
the Dean of the Arts Faculty 19 telling me that, very nicely, that though I’d passed, I only
passed absolutely minimally 20!
Woman: You say you fluffed the exam. Can you pinpoint 21 why?
Man: Well, I went in there in completely the wrong frame of mind. I was just completely
apathetic. I sat there and wrote for 3 hours but it’s only when you get outside you think
“Oh no. did I really say that?”
Woman: You could probably get a grant to go to an ordinary university now. If you were
offered a place, would you jump at the chance?
Man: No, I wouldn’t jump at it. I’d consider it. The thing is, for me, it’d be very difficu8lt to
go into higher education now that I’ve had 10, no, 12 years of having money in my
pocket.
Woman: Yes.
Man: Cos it’d be an enormous change in my lifestyle and probably one that’d be difficult to
cope with.
Woman: Yes. And finally, Steve, have you any advice you’d like to give to someone who was
thinking of taking an O.U. course?
Man: Yes,. Hold your nose and jump in!
Woman: Thank you very much for talking to me, Steve.
Question No.1. What open university course is the man taking now?
Question No.2. According to the man, how much time did he spend every week on a course?
Question No.3. What did the man say about the exam at the end of the course?
Question No.4. Why would the man hesitate about going to an ordinary university?
Question No.5. Which of the following best shows the main purpose of the programme?
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news
(Man): MOSCOW—Russian lawmakers voted overwhelmingly yesterday to reject the
appointment of Viktor Chernomyrdin as prime minister despite warnings that the country was on
the verge 22 of political and economic collapse 23.
The Duma, the lower chamber 24 of parliament, voted after more than three hours of bitter
debate not to confirm Chernomyrdin. Hard-line delgates called for President Boris Yeltsin’s
resignation.
Chernomyrdin pleaded before the vote with lawmakers to approve the formation of a
government to tackle the country’s crisis that has seen the collapse of the stock market and the
devaluation of the currency. The acting 25 premier 26, who needed 226 votes for confirmation,
watched glumly 27 as the Duma voted not to confirm him.
LAGOS—More than 160 bank chiefs jailed by Nigeria’s military regime have gone on
hunger strike to protest against their ongoing 28 detention 29 without trial, reports here said yesterday.
Eighty-five jailed bank chiefs refused food. On Sunday at their detention center in Lagos, said
the privately-owned Post Express and State-owned Daily Times newspapers.
QUITO—The death toll 30 from the crash of a Cuban aircraft at Ecuador’s Quito airport rose
to 80 Sunday as aviation experts searched the wreckage 31 in the hope of pinning down the cause of
the accident.
The Cubana de Aviation plane, a Russian-made Tupolev, ploughed through airport fences
into a n earby field after it aborted 32 it aborted a third attempt to take off on Saturday, witnesses
said. It caught fire and exploded.
The civil aviation department said80 people had died by Sunday afternoon. The initial toll
of 77 increased when one victim died in hospital of severe burns and two more bodies were
found at the site.
SINGAPORE—Around 47 percent of 600 firms in six Asia-Pacific countries are uncertain
about the advantages of electronic commerce(E-commerce),according to the results of a survey
by Visa International released here yesterday, Fifty-three per cent of merchants believe
conducting transactions via the Internet was suitable for their businesses. Meanwhile, 73 per cent
said this would only supplement, but not replace traditional ways of doing business.
JAKARTA—Indonesian troops threatened to fire rubber bullets yesterday at hundreds of
looters attacking houses owned by ethnic 33 Chinese in the central Java town of Cilacap.
Pioting has rocked the town in recent days.
Violence, not looting, has abated 34 in the town. A military official said.
“Basically, the situation is getting better. There is no violence today, but hundreds of jobless
people are still continuing to loot a number of ethnic Chinese fishermen’s houses,” Colonel M
Noer Muis told reporters.
“We are going to take action against the robbers, with rubber bullets if necessary.”
Police detained 27 people in the town in recent days, Muis said.
Question No.6. How many votes are needed in the lower chamber of Russian parliament to
confirm the appointment of the prime minister?
Question No.7. What do the jailed bank chiefs protest against in Nigeria?
Question No.8. When did the plane crash happen?
Question No.9. What’s the majority view concerning electronic commerce, according to a
recent survey conducted by Visa International?
Question No.10. Which of the following statements is true about the rioting in Indonesia?
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview
M: How long has SOFTBANK been in business?
W: The company started in 1981. At that time the PC was just a toy. No one was distributing
software, No one even knew what software was available.
M: The growth’s been phenomenal, then.
W: that’s right. Sales revenues have gone up every year since we started. At one time they were
doubling every month.
M: What’s the main growth area now?
W: Networking. That’s really taking off. It includes operating systems, cables, boards,
everything you need for the networked company. Before that, the big growth area was
business applications. Things like word processing packages and spreadsheets.
M: And before that?
W: Games. Games software. That’ where it all started.
M: And what about your magazine business? Is that growing？
W: Yes indeed. We published 14 different computer magazines last month. But it got off to a
poor start initially 35.
M: Yeah?
W: We set up the publishing division just six months after we’d set up the distribution business,
so we didn’t have a lot of money to spare. We launched two magazines, printed 50,000
copies and 85% were returned.
M: Really?
W: They just didn’t sell and they were eating up all our profits.
M: I’m surprised you didn’t close them down.
W: We didn’t want people to think we were in trouble. We decided 36 to take a gamble instead.
We made them twice as thick, kept the price the same, change the layout and printed twice
as many. Then we spent all the money we had left on TV advertising 37.
M: It obviously worked.
W: Yes, They sold out in three days.
Question No.11. When was the company founded?
Question No.12. What is the company’s main growth area at present?
Question No.13. According to the woman, how many computer magazines did they publish
last month?
Question No.14. When did they set up the publishing division?
Question No.15. Why didn’t they close down the publishing division when it wasn’t
successful?
Question 16 to 20 are based on the following talk
The traditional American family used to have a working father, a housewife-mother, and
two or three children. But in the last twenty or twenty-five years, this picture has changed. Now
we have many different kinds of families and living situations besides this traditional one. For
example, there are many single mothers and single fathers who are raising children by
themselves. There are married couples who decide that they don’t want any children. Sometimes
adult children who have been living alone for a long time come back and live with their parents
again. You can also find groups of older people sharing a house in order to save money. And
there are many other examples of new types of families in this country.
Why has the traditional family changed so much? Well, the reasons are both social and
economic. First, as you know, the divorce rate is high in our culture; as a result, we have many
single-parent families. Second, there is unemployment among young adults. If they cannot find a
job, many times they return home and live with their parents again. But of course the most
important reason for the changes in the American family is that most American women now
work outside the home. In fact, 54.5% of all American women are now working or looking for
work. This means that more than half of all American homes do not have a full-time 38 homemaker
anymore.
Some people might say that these are “women’s problems,” so women should be the ones
to solve them. But more people understand that everybody in our society is responsible for trying
to find answers to these problems. In fact, many companies are trying to help modern working
parents, both the mother and the father, by creating flexible new policies. Here are a few
examples.
One example is that many companies now allow a woman to leave her job temporarily in
order to have a baby. This is called maternity 39 leave.
Second, you know that big companies like IBM or Mitsubishi often transfer their
employees to other cities…right? If a company transfers the husband, for example, this might
create a problem for the wife because now she has to find a new job, too. Well, now there are
some companies that will help the husband or wife of a transferred worker to find a new job.
Another new policy is that many companies now have something called “flextime.”
Flextime means that instead of working from 8∶00 A.M. to 5∶00 P.M.. as most people do in
this country, a worker can work from, say, 6∶00 A.M. to 3∶00 P.M.. or from 10∶00 A.M. to
7∶00 P.M.. etc. As you can imagine, flextime is very useful for people with children.
Fourth, some companies allow their employees to work at home instead of coming in to the
office every day. Working at home is easy for people in professions like computer programming
and telephone sales.
Fifth, a few large companies now have day-care centers for the children of their employees.
I’ve given you five examples of new company policies that are supposed to make life a
little easier for working mothers and fathers. Let me repeat them for you briefly 40: maternity leave,
helping the wife or husband of a transferred worker to find a new job in another city, flextime,
allowing employees to work at home, and day-care centers. However, it’s important for you to
understand that there are only a few large companies that can afford to help their employees with
these kinds of programs, For most people trying to work and take care of a family is still very,
very difficult.
Question NO.16. What is typical of the traditional American family?
Question NO.17. Which of the following is NOT cited in the talk as a reason for the change of
the American family pattern?
Question NO.18. What is the percentage of all American women who are working or looking
for work?
Question NO.19. According to the talk, how do some companies help a transferred employee?
Question NO.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the speaker?
SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once.
While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have
enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You are
required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You will not get your ANSWER
BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. Now listen to the talk carefully.
In a modern society, no company can hope to make a profit on any product unless it
advertises it first.
The most important decision that a company has to make regarding advertising is where to
advertise. On TV? In magazines? On the radio? In newspapers? We refer to these means of
communication as “the media.” There are three categories of media: print, broadcast, and direct.
Today, we are going to describe each of these categories and discuss their importance and
usefulness in advertising.
The first category, the print media, consists of printed information sources; in other words,
newspapers and magazines. For the advertisers, each of these has certain advantages and
disadvantages. Let’s talk first about newspapers, which receive more money from
advertisements each year than any other medium. This is because newspaper advertising has
several outstanding advantages. First of all, nearly everybody reads newspapers. Therefore,
newspaper ads reach huge numbers of people. Moreover. Newspapers are generally local. This
allows small, local businesses to advertise directly to their potential customers. Third, newspaper
advertising is relatively 41 cheap; so the ad can be as long as the advertiser wants, and it can also be
repeated. On the other hand, newspaper ads have no color, and they are not very exciting or
glamorous. Instead, you find these ads in the second type of print medium, magazines.
For the advertiser, the greatest advantage of magazines is that they have specialized 42 groups
of readers. In other words, the people who read Car and Driver are probably not the same people
who read Glamour 43, which is a women’s magazine, or The New Republic, a political magazine.
Therefore, advertising in a magazine allows a business to direct its ads to the people who are
most interested in the product. The big disadvantage of magazine advertisement is that it can be
very expensive, especially in magazines like Playboy or National Geographic 44.
Let’s move along now and talk about the broadcast media, by which we mean radio and
television. These also have both advantages and disadvantages. First, radio. Radio has two of the
same advantages as newspapers: Almost everybody listens to it, and it’s usually local. The
disadvantages of radio ads are that they must be short and that they are not permanent in the way
printed ads are.
Millions of dollars are spent each year on radio ads, but millions more are spent on
television advertising. You can easily understand why. Of all the media, T.V., with sound,
movement, and color, is the most dramatic, so the ads are easy to remember,. How many of you,
for example, can sing the slogan for Coca-Cola, “It’s the real thing?” Television ads are viewed
by millions of people all over the country because, first of all, almost everybody watches T.V.,
and second, because most T.V. programs are broadcast nationally. These are the great advantages
of T.V. advertising. On the other hand, ads on T.V. are enormously expensive. For example, a
thirty-second commercial during the evening can cost $ 150,000. Obviously, only large
companies can afford to advertise on television.
There is one more category of media that is used extensively in advertising. These are the
direct medial. The most common direct media is the mail, and direct mail advertising is a very
big business. Even if you have only lived in this country for a short time, you have probably
already received advertisements in the mail. The advantage of advertising by mail is that the ad
goes directly to the potential customer’s hands. However, many people don’t bother to read these
ads; in fact, we call them “junk mail” and often throw them away without even opening the
envelope.
Another direct medium is billboards; these are the huge signs that you see whenever you
drive down the street. Billboards are useful because they are colorful and easy to see. And the
message is permanent. However, the message must be short enough for drivers to read as they
are passing by.
The third type of direct medium is signs and posters. They are usually used in what is called
“point of purchase ”advertising —that is, ads that appear in the same place where the product is
being sold. You can see point of purchase advertising every time you go to the supermarket.
There are always signs in the window telling you what is on sale that day. This is also a kind of
advertising. Its great advantage is that it is cheap.
Part B: Listening and Translation
Ⅰ. Sentence Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences
only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in
the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now, let’s begin Sentence Translation
with the first sentence.
Sentence No.1. People have grown accustomed in recent years to higher and higher rates of
inflation, though sometimes they still make complaints.
Sentence No.2. We are conducting a nationwide survey of people’s reading habits. Would
you have five minutes to answer a few questions?
Sentence No.3. Three people froze to death and hundreds sought temporary shelter as
temperatures dropped below zero in nearly half of the United States.
Sentence No.4. The tastes and preferences of this generation are very different from those of
their parents, and this fact has influenced our business and industry in many
different ways.
Sentence No.5. The good news for visitors to London without a great deal of money to
spend is that many of the best things to see are absolutely free.
Ⅱ. Passage Translation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages
only once. After you have heard each passages, translate it into Chinese and write your version
in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now, let’s begin Sentence Translation
with the first sentence.
Passage 1:
The pay negotiations 45 were going on badly. We wanted to link the pay increase to a
productivity level, but the unions refused. We finally reached a pint 46 where they were threatening
to go on strike. We sacked all the employees. We sent out letters to everyone saying that their
employment would cease on a certain date. Then we offered them new employment contracts
which linked a pay-rise with productivity. One by one they all gave in and signed the contracts.
Passages 2:
The Thames is the longest river in England. It has shaped the history of the country. Without it.
There would have been no London as we know it today. The Thames means different things to
different people. Boat-rowers consider it a “sporting river”. In March of every year, thousands of
spectators stand on its banks to watch Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. Painters and writers regard
the river as a source of inspiration. For men of commerce, the Thames is a working river. More
than a thousand ships a week put in at London’s dockland, making London the biggest port of
England. Especially for timber, paper, wine and grain imports.