自考英语（二）60讲 Lesson 39

  本讲为2006年下半年新的教学内容，请对照教材、语法书、练习册听录音！
   
  structure  v. 建筑, 构成, 组织
e.g. We must carefully structure and rehearse each scene.
    我们必须认真组织并排练每一幕。
  It was a very well-structured argument.
  这是一篇组织得很好的辩论。
  loom 1  v.   隐隐呈现, 朦胧出现；(危险、忧虑等)逼近
  e.g. The mountain peak loomed 2 through the fog.
  那座山峰在雾中隐隐出现。
  A hard struggle looms 3 ahead.
  一场苦斗迫在眉捷。
  looms large：  显得严重（突出）
  e.g. The issue of pay will loom large at this Easters teacher conferences.
在今年复活节举行的教师会议上，工资问题将显得很突出。
  How to pay the months bills began to loom very large in their mind.
  如何支付这个月的帐单这一问题在他的心里开始变得沉重起来。
  The result will determine your future.
  Determination
   
   
  our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie 4 our choices of such activities as reading books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social contexts and learning experiences.
  that之后的部分是定语从句修饰our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences。
  　　context：  n.   （发生事情的）环境， 背景；上下文
e.g. Viewed in the context of recent political unrest, these latest developments make perfect sense.
    从最近政治动荡的背景下看，最近的这些进展有重大意义。
  All the fighting and bloodshed in his plays is explained if you see his writing in a historical context.
  如果你从历史的背景去看他的作品，就会明白他戏剧中所有的那些战斗和流血情节。
  pursuit pursue
  This is the highest goal I’m pursuing.
  He goes abroad in pursuit of a doctor’s degree.
  Such … as….
  Such natural phenomena 5 as earthquake and tsunami 6 are very dangerous.
  1.        
  2.       Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.
  该句中的两个that从句都是同位语从句，分别修饰recognition和belief。这两个名词具有动词的含义，在翻译时可译成动词，如：“基本上说，有了上述态度，我们就会认识到休闲是生活的一个重要方面，就会相信，休闲能够并且应该充分利用。”
      amount to：  等于, 相当于, 实际是, 就意味着
  e.g. This amounts to a refusal.
  这等于拒绝。
  What, after all, does it amount to?
  这到底意味着什么?
Keeping silent in this case amounts to supporting the speaker. 
  在这种情况下保持沉默就意味着支持说话者。
  Keeping the door closed amounts to rejection 7.
  put … to good use
  We should put our time to good use.
  Come into contact with sb
  He came into contact with these revolutionists when  he was in paris.
  Keep in contact with sb
  This job keeps him in contact with the latest technology.
  The people (with whom the child comes into contact) will influence him.
  Be likely to do
  He is unlikely to come because he is interested in the  subject.
  3.       professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.   
  该句中主句谓语动词find 后接that引导的宾语从句；从句的主语是不定式结构to impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public， 谓语是系表结构is essential；for之后的部分是介词短语作essential的状语。
  4.    Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.
  该句主干结构是“it can be argued that…”(可以说……)；it为形式主语，that及后续部分是主语从句，为真正主语；主语从句中，主语是the people； with whom we come into contact in these various contexts是其定语，意思是“我们在不同环境中接触的人”；shaping后接三个并列宾语，即our attitudes, interests和skills；relevant to how we handle leisure是后置定语修饰skills，其中的how we…是relevant to 的宾语从句。
  exert：  v.   尽(力), 施加(压力等), 努力
  e.g. By exerting all of his strength he could just move the rock.
他使劲了所有力气才仅仅使岩石动了动。
  For college students to do a part-time job will exert a profound influence on their personality and life.
  打工对大学生的个性培养和今后生活都具有深远的影响。
  That council member has been exerting a lot of pressure on the company to accept the raw material of low quality.
  那个市议员一直在对这个公司施加很大的压力,要他们接受这批劣质原料。
  He is selfish and never exerts himself to help anyone.
  他很自私, 从不尽力帮助任何人。  
  5.       parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media are all capable of arousing our potential interests.
  arouse：  v.   唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起
  e.g Her latest book has so far aroused little interest.
到目前为止，他的新书没有引起人们多大的兴趣。
  The new law has aroused much public concern.
新法律引起公众很大的关注。
  They are trying to arouse sympathy for their cause.
他们努力唤起人们对他们事业的同情。
  I was aroused from my deep sleep by a loud scream.
一声尖叫把我从熟睡中唤醒。
  Arise New problems arise after old ones are solved.
  Arose arisen
  Aroused aroused interest
   
   
  6.    For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation 8 in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.
  该句主语部分的中心词是the degree 和the ways，其后各接一个由which引导的定语从句。由于两个定语从句除句首的介词外其他用词一样，所以第一个定语从句省去了与第二个定语从句相同的部分。
  on the part of：  在…方面, 就…来说, 由…所做出的
      e.g. It was a mistake on Julias part/on the part of Julia.
          这是朱丽亚的错误。
   He loves music to a crazy degree.
  The degree to which he love music is hard to believe.
  The public use the leisure in a satisfying way.
  The way in which  the public use the leisure is very important.
  Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment 9 of a balanced development of the person.   
  句中set的宾语是the attainment of a balanced development of the person；as their educational objective 是宾语补语，因为宾语较长，所以后置。set …as…的意思是“把…设作…”。
The more you take part in the activity, the more likely you are to enjoy it.
The more you practice, the better you can do it.