新视野大学英语 读写教程第二册 unit10-a
时间：2018-12-29 作者：英语课 分类：新视野大学英语读写教程(2)
Unit 10
Section A
Pre-reading Activities
First Listening
Please listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.
Second Listening
Listen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.
1) Why was the Nazi 1 air force repeatedly bombing London?
2) Discuss some ways the people of England coped with the suffering of this time.
3) Do you think the English people considered giving up? Why didn't they?
Reports on Britain Under the Bombs
Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England's battle for survival under the waves of German bombers 3. This strong and steady voice, an American voice with a slight accent of North Carolina, belonged to Edward R. Murrow, head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System.
"This is London," said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for the suffering of that ancient city, and a tone of confidence, too — a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure. It could not be destroyed.
The heavy raids began in the middle of August, and Nazi bombs started to fall along England's Channel Coast. The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover, and England's Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders 5 were driven off.
Air Marshal Goering's bomber 2 pilots were sure of their ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed that when London became a burned city like Warsaw and Rotterdam, England would surrender.
But the English were more fortunate than the Poles in Warsaw and the Dutch in Rotterdam. They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force (RAF) to battle the Nazis 6 in the sky.
The hardships of London really started in the first week of September, when Hitler was at last convinced that the English did not intend to give in. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Marshal Goering boasted, "This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart."
Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets. Men, women, and children felt the effect of the bombs. Radar 7 sirens wailed 8, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour.
It seemed impossible for any city to take so much punishment and continue to endure. It seemed impossible for people of the city to do their daily jobs, to work and eat and sleep and carry on the business of life, with the crash of bombs all around them and planes spitting fire in the skies above.
But the city endured. Trains brought commuters in from the suburbs. Buses bumped along the streets. The fires were brought under control. Bottles of dairy milk arrived in door ways, and women took them in, as though the war were a thousand miles away. Newspapers appeared and people bought them, hurrying to work and reading reports of the battle raging over London.
And Edward R. Murrow went on the air, saying in his deep, steady voice, "This is London." He spoke 10 as though nothing could ever keep him from saying those words. He did not speak them with any attempt to sound heroic. He simply voiced the quiet truth of the city's existence.
Murrow knew that Britain's fate depended upon the resolution of the people in the shops and streets, the men in the pubs, the housewives, those watching for fire on the roofs, the people who had a thousand difficult and painful things to do.
Much depended upon the handful of pilots who rose day after day and night after night to meet the flocks of Nazi bombers. The pilots in the RAF reached the limits of exhaustion 11 and then went beyond those limits, still fighting.
But the people of London were also in the front lines, and they did not have the satisfaction of being able to fight back. They couldn't reach up and smash the enemy planes. They had to dig quickly in cellars to rescue their friends who had been buried underneath 12 the wreckage 14. They had to put out endless fires. They had to stand firm and take whatever the enemy threw at them.
In a broadcast on October 1, 1940, Murrow declared: "Mark it down that these people are both brave and patient, that all are equal under the bomb, that this is a war of speed and organization, and that whichever political system best provides for the defense 15 and decency 16 of the little man will win."
Murrow's projection 17 of eventual 18 victory for the ordinary people proved to be accurate. The Nazi powers were finally defeated by the Allied 19 nations.
Words: 769
NEW WORDS
bomb
n. [C] a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or hurt people or to damage buildings 炸弹，爆炸装置
vt. attack sb./sth. with bombs; drop bombs on 轰炸，投弹
bomber
n. [C] an aircraft that drops bombs or a person who uses bombs 轰炸机，投弹手，投掷炸弹者
survival
n. 1. [U] state of continuing to live or exist; surviving 幸存，残存
2. [C] a person, thing, custom, belief, etc. that has survived from an earlier time 残存的人（物、风俗、信仰）
flame
n. [C, U] burning gas (from sth. on fire) which usually produces a yellow light 火焰，火舌
sorrow
n. 1. [U] feeling of sadness caused by loss, disappointment, regret, or grief 悲伤，悲哀，悔恨
2. [C] a particular cause of sorrow 悲伤的原因，不幸
ancient
a. 1. of or from a long time ago; having lasted for a very long time 古代的，古旧的
2. very old 老的
endure
v. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) calmly for a long time 经受，忍受，容忍
raid
n. 1. [C] a sudden surprise attack by armed forces 突袭，袭击
2. [C] a sudden surprise attack in order to steal or do harm （为偷袭或伤害别人而进行的）突袭，抢劫
vt. make a raid on 突袭，袭击
channel
n. 1. [C] a part of river or other body of water which allows ships to travel along; a passage for water or other fluids to flow along 航道，海峡；沟渠
2. [C] (the shows broadcast on) a particular television station 电视频道
3. [C] a way of giving, directing or communicating sth. 途径，渠道
cast
vt. 1. put, cause or direct (a look, thought, feeling or opinion) 投射（目光），将（思想、感情）加于
2. throw with force 投，掷，抛
n. 1. [C] all the actors in a play, etc. （戏剧等的）全体演员
2. [C] an act of throwing 投，掷，抛
cliff
n. [C] a high area of rock with a very steep side, often on a coast 悬崖，（尤指海边的）峭壁
invade
v. 1. enter (a country or territory) with armed forces in order to attack, damage or occupy it 侵略，侵犯
2. enter (a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be) 闯入，侵扰
invader 4
n. [C] a person or thing that invades 侵略者，侵犯者，入侵者
▲marshal
n. 1. [C] an officer of high rank 高级军官，元帅
2. [C] a chief officer of a police or fire-fighting force in some parts of the United States （美）警察局长，消防队长
surrender
v. 1. give up or give in to the power (esp. of an enemy), as a sign of defeat 投降，自首；屈服（于）
2. give sth. to sb. else because you have been forced to do so or because it is necessary to do so 交出，放弃
royal
a. (in the service) of a king or queen 王室的，皇家的
hammer
v. hit or beat repeatedly 敲打，锤击
n. [C] 锤子，榔头
daylight
n. [U] (the period when there is) natural light from the sun 阳光，日光
historic
a. famous or important in history 历史上有名的或重要的
radar
n. [U] system which uses radio waves to find the position of objects which cannot otherwise be seen; equipment used for this 雷达；雷达装置
◆siren
n. [C] a device for making a loud warning noise 汽笛，警报器
◆wail
v. make a long, high cry, usu. because of pain or sadness; make a sound similar to that of a person wailing 20 嚎啕；发出尖叫声
▲agony
n. [U, C] (a state or feeling of) unbearable 21 physical or mental pain or suffering 极大的痛苦
crash
n. [C] (usu. sing.) (loud noise made by a) violent fall, blow or break 坠落（声），打击或破裂（所发的响声）
v. 1. make a sudden loud noise 发出巨响
2. (cause to) have an accident, esp. one which damages a vehicle （使）猛撞，（使）撞毁
spit
v. send (liquid or sth. else) out from the mouth 吐（痰）；吐（口水等）
n. [U] 口水，唾液
▲commute
vi. travel regularly a long distance between one's work and one's home, esp. by train 因上班而经常来往于两地，通勤
n. [C] the trip made in commuting 22 通勤来往，上下班路程
commuter 9
n. [C] a person who commutes 23 往返于两地的人
suburb
n. [C] an area on the edge of a large town or city where people who work in the town or city often live 近郊
bump
v. 1. travel, usu. in a vehicle, in an uncomfortable way because the surface one is moving over is rough 颠簸而行
2. hit (sth.) with force, esp. accidentally 碰撞
n. [C] a blow, knock or hit 碰撞
dairy
n. [C] a place on a farm where milk and cream are kept and cheese and butter are made; a shop which supplies milk and milk products 牛奶场，乳品店
heroic
a. having the qualities of a hero; very brave 英雄的，英勇的
resolution
n. 1. [U] the quality of being firm 坚决，坚定，决心
2. [U] solution 解决，解答
pub
n. [C] a public house, a building where alcohol may be bought and drunk 小酒店，酒吧
handful
n. 1. [U] a small number (of people or things) 少数，少量
2. [C] an amount of sth. that can be held in one hand 一把
flock
n. [C] a group of sheep, goats or birds, or a group of people 一群（绵羊、山羊、鸟或人）
vi. gather, move, come or go together in great numbers 群集，成群结队而行
exhaust
vt. 1. make (a person or an animal) very tired 使疲惫不堪
2. use (sth.) up completely 用尽，耗尽
exhaustion
n. [U] total loss of strength 筋疲力尽，疲惫
smash
v. 1. (cause sth. to) be broken violently into pieces 打碎，打破，粉碎
2. hit (sb./sth.) very hard 猛撞，猛击
n. 1. [C] an act or sound of smashing 撞击（声），猛撞（声）
2. [C] a very successful song, play or film, etc. 极为成功的歌曲、戏剧或电影等
▲cellar
n. [C] a room under the ground floor of a building, usu. used to keep items to be used later 地窖，地下室
rescue
vt. save or bring away sb./sth. from danger 救出，解救
n. [C, U] rescuing or being rescued 营救，解救
underneath
prep. under or below 在下面，在底下，向下面
ad. under or below 在下面，在底下，向下面
wreck 13
vt. destroy or ruin (sth.) 破坏或毁灭，使遇难，使失事
n. [C] a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged 受到严重破坏的车辆或船，残骸
wreckage
n. [U] remains 24 of sth. that has been wrecked 25 残骸，残余物，碎片
whichever
pron.1. any (one) of the set that 任何一个
2. no matter which 无论，不管
decent
a. socially acceptable or good 适当的，得体的，正派的
decency
n. [U] being decent 正派，合宜，体面，得体
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
night after night
every night 一夜又一夜地，连夜地
no matter what
whatever 不论什么
drive sb./sth. off
defeat or beat back (an enemy or an attack) 击退, 赶走
be sure of sth.
certain to receive, win, etc. sth. 确信会获得，赢得
in broad daylight
in the full light of day 大白天，光天化日之下
carry on
continue doing sth. 继续
bring under control
manage to control over 控制，使就范
take in
bring in 把（某物）拿进来
on the air
broadcasting on radio or television 开始广播（或电视转播）
keep sb. from doing sth.
prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止
watch for
look attentively 26 for sth. 留意，当心
put out
cause sth. to stop burning 扑灭，熄灭
mark down
write down 记下来，写下来
PROPER NAMES
Edward R. Murrow
爱德华·R·默罗 （1908-1965，美国广播记者，曾在伦敦主持哥伦比亚广播公司欧洲部工作）
Atlantic Ocean
大西洋
German
德国的
North Carolina
北卡罗来纳州（美国州名）
Columbia
哥伦比亚（广播公司）
Dover
多佛尔（海峡）（在英国与法国之间）
Warsaw
华沙（波兰首都）
Rotterdam
鹿特丹（荷兰西南部港市）
Dutch
荷兰人
RAF (Royal Air Force)
（英国）皇家空军
- They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
- Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。
- He flew a bomber during the war.他在战时驾驶轰炸机。
- Detectives hunting the London bombers will be keen to interview him.追查伦敦爆炸案凶犯的侦探们急于对他进行讯问。
- Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The Royal Airforce sill remained dangerously short of bombers. 英国皇家空军仍未脱离极为缺乏轰炸机的危境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- They suffered a lot under the invader's heel.在侵略者的铁蹄下，他们受尽了奴役。
- A country must have the will to repel any invader.一个国家得有决心击退任何入侵者。
- They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
- The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
- The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
- Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
- She wailed over her father's remains. 她对着父亲的遗体嚎啕大哭。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The women of the town wailed over the war victims. 城里的妇女为战争的死难者们痛哭。 来自辞典例句
- Police cordoned off the road and diverted commuter traffic. 警察封锁了道路并分流交通。
- She accidentally stepped on his foot on a crowded commuter train. 她在拥挤的通勤列车上不小心踩到了他的脚。
- They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
- The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
- She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
- His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。
- Working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
- She wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣，里面套着一条连衣裙。
- Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
- No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。
- They hauled him clear of the wreckage.他们把他从形骸中拖出来。
- New states were born out of the wreckage of old colonial empires.新生国家从老殖民帝国的废墟中诞生。
- The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
- The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
- His sense of decency and fair play made him refuse the offer.他的正直感和公平竞争意识使他拒绝了这一提议。
- Your behaviour is an affront to public decency.你的行为有伤风化。
- Projection takes place with a minimum of awareness or conscious control.投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。
- The projection of increases in number of house-holds is correct.对户数增加的推算是正确的。
- Several schools face eventual closure.几所学校面临最终关闭。
- Both parties expressed optimism about an eventual solution.双方对问题的最终解决都表示乐观。
- Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
- Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。
- A police car raced past with its siren wailing. 一辆警车鸣着警报器飞驰而过。
- The little girl was wailing miserably. 那小女孩难过得号啕大哭。
- It is unbearable to be always on thorns.老是处于焦虑不安的情况中是受不了的。
- The more he thought of it the more unbearable it became.他越想越觉得无法忍受。
- I used the commuting time to read and answer my mail. 我利用上下班在汽车中的时间来阅读和答复给我的函电。
- Noncommuting objects are as real to the mathematicians as commuting objects. 对于数学家来说，不可交换的对象与可交换的对象是一样真实的。
- She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天上下班往返于牛津与伦敦之间。
- Barbara lives in Oxford and commutes. 芭芭拉住在牛津，通勤往来。
- He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
- The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
- the hulk of a wrecked ship 遇难轮船的残骸
- the salvage of the wrecked tanker 对失事油轮的打捞
- She listened attentively while I poured out my problems. 我倾吐心中的烦恼时，她一直在注意听。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- She listened attentively and set down every word he said. 她专心听着，把他说的话一字不漏地记下来。 来自《简明英汉词典》