英语听力教程第二版 第四册-11

　　Unit 11   New Trends in Trade

Part Ⅰ  Getting ready

In running a company, it's very important to have a well-designed chart or graph. With the help of the chart or graph, one can know clearly the amount of products manufactured or sold each month, each season, and each year, etc. With the help of the chart or graph, one can see clearly what the trends in manufacturing or selling are. And with the help of the chart or graph, one can make proper adjustments in order to make the company prosper 1.

A  The following words and phrases will appear in this unit. Listen carefully and study the definitions.

1. level off: stop climbing higher or falling lower, and continue at a fixed 2 height

2. fluctuate: (of levels, prices, etc.) move up and down

3. constant: fixed; unchanging

4. consensus 3: a general agreement; collective opinion

5. summon: order officially to come

6. sanction: an action, such as the stopping of trade, taken by one or more countries against a country which is breaking international law

7. rule out: declare that it cannot be considered, that it is out of the question

8. full-fledged: completely developed; of full rank or status

9. saturate 4: be unable to take more

10. merger 5: a joining together of two or more companies or firms

B  You are going to hear ten phrases. While listening, look at the chart below. Then match the terms you've heard to the reference points marked on Chart 1.

1. _____    2. _____    3. _____    4. _____    5. _____

6. _____    7. _____    8. _____    9. _____   10. _____

C  In this section, a sales manager is giving a presentation about domestic and export sales. Listen carefully and complete the graph shown in Chart 2.

Part Ⅱ  Trade disputes

The fight over bananas between some European nations and the United States is

not merely about bananas. It is in significant part about power ?about who will set the trading rules in an increasingly global market. Maybe it's time for both the Americans and the Europeans to give up their macho posturing 6 and negotiate some serious remedies for a very serious set of problems.

A  In this section you are going to hear a news report talking about the trade disputes between the United States and Europe. While listening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column. After the second listening, complete the following chart.

The EU rules:

favoring banana imports from    Central American bananas

_________________________ in    marketed by American

________ and the Caribbean      companies

The EU's trade dispute with the U.S.

over banana imports

The new U.S. tariffs 7:

duties on Scottish __________, Italian _____________, and

French ___________

The U.S. ambassador summoned    An _______________ of the

by Britain to hear a _______    WTO's General Council

called for by the EU

The EU's possible action:

_________________ its own

tariffs against _________

_________________________

B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic 8 version of the news report. After that some statements will be read to you. Decide whether they are true or false. Put "T" or "F" in the brackets.

1. (   )    2.  (   )     3.  (    )

Part Ⅲ  Our sates numbers are up

As a sales manager, you have to keep close watch on how well your salespeople 9 are doing. If they are not doing a good job, be sure to talk to them, find out the reasons why they are not selling well, give them some useful suggestions, and encourage them to work harder than ever before.

A  Michael is attending the sales meeting reporting his business performance during the second quarter of the year. While listening for the first time, don't forget to write down some key words in the notes column. After the second listening, note on the following chart Michael's actual sales for April, May, and June.

B  Now listen to the dialogue again and write the reasons why Michael didn't make his sales goals.

Month   Reason

April   ________ supposed to do a ____________,

but went to ______________

May   ___________________ in Kentucky factory

June   ________ of the best salespeople ______

Part Ⅳ  More about the topic: The World Trade Organization (WTO)

The WTO is the only international body dealing 10 with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, the legal ground-rules for international commerce and for trade policy. The agreements have three main objectives: to help trade flow as freely as possible, to achieve further liberalization gradually

through negotiation 11, and to set up an impartial 12 means of settling disputes.

A  The following passage is a general introduction of the World Trade Organization (WTO). While listening to it, write down some key words in the notes column.

B  Now listen to the passage again and supply the missing information to complete the outline.

Outline

Ⅰ. The structure of the World Trade Organization (WTO)

A. membership

1. number of members: __________________________

2. number of negotiating members: ______________

B. decision-making system: typically by ___________

C. organization chart

Ⅱ. The WTO Secretariat

A. a brief introduction

1. location: in ______________

2. _________ number: _________

3. head: _____________________

B. ______________________________

1. supplying ______________

2. providing ______________

3. analyzing 13 ______________

4. explaining ______________

5. providing _________ assistance in the ______________process

6. advising governments ________

C. the annual budget: _____________

Part Ⅴ  Do you know ...?

The world car industry is already one of the most multinational 14 of all industries, with the biggest firms owning subsidiaries around the world. But it is still under pressure to consolidate 15. At present, there are five big car companies in the world: General Motors, Ford 16, Daimler Chrysler, Toyota and Volkswagen. Among them only Toyota relies on one global brand name. All the others have a web of subsidiaries spanning the world.

A  The following passage is about the world car industry. While listening for the first time, don't forget to take down some key words in the notes column. After the second listening, match each company in Column A with the company or companies in Column B, indicating who bought whom or who is going to buy whom.

Column A           Column B

Daimler Benz       Rolls-Royce

Ford               Chrysler

Daimler Chrysler   Nissan

General Motors     Volvo

Volkswagen         Saab

Fiat 17

B  Now try this: listen to a more authentic version of the passage.

Part Ⅵ  Reminder of key points in this unit

Verb & Verb Phrase  Noun & Noun Phrase  Other

Part Ⅰ level off           plateau             constant

fluctuate

dip

Part Ⅱ summon              cashmere            irrational

discriminate        sanction            full-fledged

resort to           commissioner

rule out            unilateralism

Part Ⅲ quit                goal

Part Ⅳ account for         consensus

predecessor

ambassador

delegation

headquarter

intellectual property

committee

secretariat

bureaucracy

Part Ⅴ saturate            merger             in return

merge               horizon