【一起听英语】机器人时代

机器人无非是20世纪以来最伟大的发明之一了，他们给人们的生活带来了诸多便利，无论是在生活、工作方面，都省去了大量的人力.....

Rob: Hello, and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English and with me

in the studio is Michelle. Hi Michelle.

Michelle: Hello Rob.

Rob: Today we're talking about robots and a new exhibition at London's Science

museum which is showing some of the amazing developments in robotic

technology.

Michelle: Robots are amazing machines that can really help do a lot of the physical work

that we used to do as humans.

Rob: Of course robots are not a new invention, they've been around for quite a while,

which brings me to today's question. Are you ready?

Michelle: I think so!

Rob: OK, well I wonder if you know when the word robot was first used to describe a

machine that does the work for humans? Was it in:

a) 1880

b) 1900

c) 1920

Michelle: That's a bit of a tricky 1 one. They're all earlier than I would have expected. But

1880 seems too early for me. So I think it's between 1900 or 1920 but I'm going

to play it safe and go for 1900, the middle one.

Rob: That's the beginning of the 20th Century. Well, I'll reveal the correct answer at the

end of the programme. But let's get back to this new exhibition called the

Robotville Festival. It celebrates the most cutting-edge robot designs in the world,

and it features 20 robots from laboratories across Europe.

Michelle: By cutting edge we mean the most up-to-date or latest, and at the exhibition you

can see some of the latest inventions such as a robot that finds things in your 

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house, a robotic hand, and a robot designed to read and mimic 2 - or copy - human

expressions.

Rob: Robots have already proven to be useful in industry. In car factories, for example,

one-armed robots lift, weld, and spray-paint cars.

Michelle: But their domestic 3 use is still a long way off according to Katrina Nilsson from

the Science Museum, as we can hear. Listen out for the word she uses to describe

jobs around the house…

Katrina Nilsson from the Science Museum

I think everybody dreams of having a robot to help them out and doing domestic chores. I think

it's a long way off. Robotics has come on a huge amount in recent years because of the money

that research funds like the European Commission 4 have put into robotics across Europe.

Rob: So she thinks robotics – that's the science of designing and operating robots – has

developed a lot in Europe in the past few years. This is due to an increase in

funding for research.

Michelle: So there's more money available. But despite that, having robots helping 5 us

around the home to do domestic chores, like the cleaning or washing, is still a

long way off.

Rob: What a shame, I could really do with someone helping me with the ironing!

Michelle: Well you may have a bit of a wait! But let's now talk about artificial intelligence

– or A.I. for short. This technology now means robots can learn things for

themselves. They don't have to be controlled or programmed by humans.

Rob: This means robots are not only getting smaller and faster they have the

intelligence to be curious, to explore and to learn things.

Michelle: They're almost becoming human!

Rob: Well one of the common features of the robots in this exhibition is that a lot of

them have human features. The robotic hand is a close replica 6 of a human hand,

for example, and many of the robots are meant to mimic human looks and

behaviour.

Michelle: But it's actually quite strange to have these robots which are quite human, but not

exactly human.

Rob: Yes, it's a bit like that robot C-3PO in the Star Wars movies! Some people say this

makes the exhibition a bit creepy. Let's hear from the BBC's Tim Muffett 

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speaking to Katrina Nilsson again. She agrees that robots with human features can

be quite unsettling:

BBC's Tim Muffett speaking to Katrina Nilsson

Do we want them to look like humans? Because some of them here do look kind of, a bit humanlike.

But that gets a bit awkward 7 for some people, doesn't it? It gets a bit tricky.

Yes, some of them look quite creepy. The more human they look, the creepier they look. And

that's one of the things the roboticists are exploring; how human do you want your robot to look?

Michelle: I know what she means by creepy! If a robot looks so realistic that it seems almost

human it can be quite unnerving - and you're not sure what it's thinking!

Rob: Katrina Nilsson says that roboticists – the people who design robots – are

exploring how human we want robots to look. As long as they can help me with

the ironing, I don't mind how they look!

Michelle: Well as long as they don't become cleverer than us humans otherwise they could

be taking over the world!

Rob: It's the stuff of science fiction at the moment. Unlike today's question which is

about something in the past. Earlier I asked you if you knew when the word robot

was first used to describe a machine that does the work for humans? Was it:

a) 1880

b) 1900

c) 1920

Michelle: And my answer was 1900.

Rob: And you are wrong. The word robot was first used in a 1920 Czech play called

RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) in which mechanical slaves rebel against their

human masters. The playwright 8, Karel Capek, borrowed the word robot from the

Slavic word robota, meaning a forced labourer. OK Michelle, we've just time for

you to remind us of some of the vocabulary that we've heard in today's programme.

Michelle: OK, we had:

exhibition

cutting-edge

laboratories

mimic 

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robotics

domestic chores

artifical intelligence

replica

creepy

science fiction

Rob: Thanks Michelle. It's time to go now but please join us again for another 6 Minute

English soon. Bye.

Michelle: Bye!