时间:2018-12-24 作者:英语课 分类:2016年Scientific American(一)月


英语课

 When patients show up in the hospital with a respiratory illness, they are usually given an antibiotic which do not work against viral infections. Even though most of these respiratroy infections are viral, it is estimated that in these cases antibiotics are incorrectly prescribed nearly three quaters of the time, and the overuse of antibiotics is a huge problem helping to drive the development of strains of bacteria that are resistent to our antibiotics. So scientists have been searching for a tool that would quickly allow the doctors to diagnose whether a patient has a viral or bacteria infection and thus know for sure whether to prescribe an antibiotic.


  "The new approach we take rests on the premise that anytime we are exposed to something in our environment, whether it's cigarette, smoke, changes in our diet and infection, our bodies react to that'" Frank of Duke University. He and his colleagues investigated gene expression. Which genes are activated, which remain dormant in 270 emergency room patients. Some had a bacteria infection, some had a viral one,some had both and some had no commutable disease at all.The researchers also studied  body for  healthy adult as a control. "What we found are some elements in certain genes that are turned on and off in a certain way that is very characteristic of a response to a viral infection. Other sets of genes that are turned on and off in a way that is very characteristic of a bacteria infection, and then other genes that are turned on and off in a way that is indicative of no infection at all."
They then tested these genetic activation signatures against the publically available datasets of patients and infections. The method was eighty-seven percent accurate. The study is in the journal Science Transitional Medicine.Right now such gene tests will take about ten hours to attain a diagnosis, so the researchers are working to develop a diagnostic tool that would cut that turnaround time to just one hour so that doctors could quickly prescribe antibiotics but only to patiets who had get a benefit because they have a bacteria and not a viral infection, which ultimately benefits everyone.
  Decrease the amount of antibiotics that are used in general is one of the strategies to trying improve the antibiotic resistance prob

学英语单词
active control tech nology
automation of cargo handling
axis of figure
bainitic transformation
bibliotherapist
blind bombing zone
Bromus magnus
bullock hearts
butt-jointed shell ring
Bükkzsérc
cadence detection
Callicarpa kochiana
chable
chondrogen
columnwise
combined arms team
computer network
contrary intention
corpora liberum pericardii
crosslevel
dar pahn
diphasic titration
dislocation mucleation
equidecomposability
expendable drone
external selection
extreme ultraviolet
fictious person
flat called
Francisco Jose de Goya
Gafac surfactant
give dosage form
ground robin
Herford
hey
isolation between inputs
Jerseytown
jimmying
Kadavu Island
kidney essence
king matker
legal discipline
locator variable
madioxytheria formosana
menformon
metal fuelled
mucolic acids
non-convex quadratic programming
nondelivered
North-West Frontier Province
ordnance engineering
os pharyngeum inferius
Osmoxylon
outlay for liquidation
pain receptor
panting girder
Peacekeeper missile
pick-up coil
pill maker
ply strain
plywood-covered
Porto Grande
pottled
predicting relation
Proxylide
Quipar, R.
rafter
rashie
registro
reticulated vein
shoaib
single row ball bearing with ring seal
six panel door
SL-SD
slip of pen
smooth approach
spectral source density
spray decoration
stalking horses
starter nozzle
stratified one-stage cluster sampling
strepsigonia diluta takamukui
subcutaenous calcareous granuloma
surface of translation
tension-active element
Teza
threa
thump-thump
track balance
transient radiation damage
true fibre
V die
venin-antivenin
ventilating tube
waveshape
within-participants design
woman on the beach
Yedineniya, Ostrov
yellowfins
ymesurid
Zeddam