英语听力—环球英语 1367 Amaranth: The Amazing Grain

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　　Welcome to Spotlight 1.  I’m Liz Waid.
 
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　　And I’m Joshua Leo.  Spotlight uses a special method of broadcasting.  It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
 
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　　What if there was a plant that could help solve the world’s hunger problems?  What if it was very healthy?  What if it could grow in many difficult climates?  What if it produced many seeds that were easy to gather?  And what if it took very little fuel to cook?
 
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　　A plant like this may seem like a dream.  But it is real!  This amazing plant is called amaranth.  Today’s Spotlight is on the history and modern uses of amaranth.
 
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　　Amaranth has been an important food crop for thousands of years. Many generations of people have grown this grain in mountains and difficult climates.  Today, Amaranth is a common plant in countries like Peru, India, Nepal, and Guatemala.
 
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　　But historians 2 believe the first use of amaranth was in Mexico.  Experts have found evidence that people in the city of Tehuacan Puebla, Mexico used amaranth over 6,000 years ago.  They grew the grain and used it to make bread.
 
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　　The largest production and use of amaranth was by the Mexican Aztecs in the 15th century. Amaranth was very important to Aztec culture.  In fact, they celebrated 3 amaranth for a whole month each year.  December was the month of amaranth. During this month, people hung paper flags around their homes.  They danced, prayed, ran races, and sang.
 
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　　During this time, they also held religious celebrations. Priests 4 made a small model of a god. They made the model from amaranth, sweet liquid honey and blood.  People fasted or ate very little during the month of amaranth.  At the end of the month, the community leaders cut the amaranth god into pieces.  Everyone ate a piece of the god.  The Aztecs also sacrificed humans as part of the celebration.  They believed the sacrifice would bring a large harvest that year.
 
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　　In the 1500s, Spanish soldiers arrived in Mexico. They took control of the area and they stopped the human sacrifices.  When the Spanish thought of amaranth, they connected it with human sacrifices.  They thought amaranth was evil 5. So they did not permit the Aztec people to grow the grain.  Because of this decision by the Spanish, fewer and fewer people planted amaranth.  And instead, corn and wheat become the most popular crops in this area.
 
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　　But amaranth has many positive qualities.  It grows in very difficult places - like the mountains.  It does not need a lot of water.  And it does not need special soil.  Amaranth can grow in dry, sandy, thick or wet soil.  It also grows very quickly and produces a lot of seeds.  People can easily save the seeds and grow more amaranth.
 
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　　Amaranth is also a very useful plant.  For example, a person can eat the leaves, seeds, and root of the plant.  People in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia cook the leaves by first steaming them.  Then they crush 6 the leaves and combine them with good tasting spices and vegetables. They also use the root of the plant for food. They cook it, smash 7 it, and mix it with tomato fruit.  The ground seeds can be used to make bread.  The seeds can also be cooked in water and eaten as a grain.
 
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　　Amaranth is also very good for you.  The seeds have a high amount of the necessary substance, protein. This nutrient 8 is very important for keeping a person’s body strong and healthy.  Many people in the world get protein by eating meat.  However, people who are poorer often cannot buy meat.  And it can be difficult for them to get enough protein.  Amaranth is one way to solve this problem.  It does not cost a lot of money and it has plenty of protein.
 
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　　For these reasons, amaranth has again become more popular in the last 40 years.  Experts believe amaranth can help the economy and health of whole communities. Good examples of this are found in the country of Uganda.
 
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　　Uganda is currently 9 experiencing a food crisis 10. The cost of food is rising. Many people do not get enough healthy food. In this area, AIDS and HIV affect many people. Good healthy food can make AIDS treatment more effective.
 
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　　For these reasons, the organization Christian 11 Reformed World Relief Committee, or CRWRC, teaches farmers in Uganda how to grow amaranth.  The CRWRC provides small loans 12 to farmers.  The farmers use this money to buy amaranth seeds.  When the plants are fully 13 grown, the farmers harvest them. Harvesting is difficult work.  It requires many people.  So, farmers often have to pay people to help them.  This provides jobs for other people in the community.  After the harvest, the farmers sell the healthy amaranth seeds to people in the local community.
 
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　　Partners Worldwide is another organization working with amaranth in Uganda.  A young woman named Innocent 14 Muhabwa helped begin the program.  She trained a group of local women to grow amaranth.  The women decided 15 to harvest the amaranth and use it to make bread.  They tried to sell their bread in the market.  However, there was a problem. No one bought it.
 
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　　Then one woman named Marium Mandu had an idea.  She told Partners Worldwide,
 
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　　“No one sells soft, cooked grain or porridge at the market.  But everyone in Uganda eats it every day!”
 
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　　So, the women started making amaranth porridge.  They sold it to schools, hospitals, and small medical centers.  People loved it!  They ordered more and more porridge.  Now, the women are able to earn money to support their families.  But amaranth is not just good for the farmers and women who sell amaranth porridge.  It is also good for the Ugandans eating amaranth.
 
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　　Ahmad Kyagulani told the internet website African Agriculture,
 
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　　“We began eating amaranth in my home.  Now, we visit health centers less often.”
 
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　　Amaranth can strengthen the immune 16 systems of people’s bodies.  It can help the body fight and recover from diseases 17.  This can protect people from diseases in high-risk areas.  Ida Kaastra Mutoigo is from the CRWRC.  She told the Banner 18,
 
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　　“Amaranth in Uganda and Kenya has really helped strengthen people’s immune systems.  Some HIV-positive people do not recognize what eating healthy foods can do.”
 
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　　For many years people forgot about the amazing amaranth plant.  They forgot how to grow, harvest, and eat it.  But more and more people are starting to understand what a wonderful grain amaranth is. There are no easy answers to the problem of world hunger.  But amaranth can make an important difference for poor and hungry people everywhere.
 
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　　The writer of this program was Johanna Poole.  The producer was Michio Ozaki. The voices you heard were from the United States. All quotes were adapted for this program and voiced by Spotlight. You can listen to this program again, and read it, on the internet at http://www.radioenglish.net This .program is called, ‘Amaranth: The Amazing Grain’.
 
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　　We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye.