时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲视频集


英语课

   从奥巴马演讲词看英语写作词汇的应用


  怎样使一篇英语文章的语言丰富、不枯燥也许令很多英语初学者头疼。原因大体分为:一是由于自己的单词量不大,写来写去总是几个句型和熟得不能再熟的单词,怎么看怎么像小学生作文一样提不起高度。二是尽管背了很多单词,但只处于认知的高度,怎样使用就不会了。这就是我们常说的“吃”了很多但“倒不出来”。所以,有一些同学因此产生逆反心理,认为学好英语尤其是英语写作简直比登天还难,自信心受挫。那么,怎样在英语写作中巧妙运用单词,达到妙笔生花呢?今天我们从刚当选美国总统的奥巴马演讲中的几个片断来分析一下英语词汇的运用。
  If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders 1 is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer. (如果现在仍然有人在那里怀疑着美国是不是任何事情都可能发生的地方,疑惑于我们国家的缔造者们的梦想是否还鲜活地存在于这个时代,对我们民主的力量打上问号的话,今夜就是你的答案。)
  奥巴马胜利演讲词的第一部分用了一个气势恢宏的排比句,句子中的三个谓语动词值得我们学习:doubt、wonder、question。这三个词意相近,指怀疑。为了避免词语的重复使用,运用了三个近义词,这种现象在英语写作中称为variety,多样性。在写作中我们可以通过意译,paraphrase 2来练习。比如,我们刚刚学到了一个词语,important,重要,那么除了这一个词,还有其他的表达方式吗?significant,是和important 互换率最高的词语。…come from everything else、put…first、 play a role in…等都是与“重要”意思相近的短语,大家在写作中应该学着交换使用。
  那么这些表达我们怎么在平时积累到呢?
  首先,需要一本好字典。单词的释义一定要有英英解释,并且最好能把它背下来。推荐大家使用牛津高阶词典和柯林斯词典。比如刚才提到的important在柯林斯词典里的英文解释是 significant, high-valued and necessary。
  It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor… It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical 3 and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.(这是美国人共同说出的答案,无论老还是少,富还是穷,长久以来,很多人一再被告知,要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讥讽、担忧和怀疑之能事,但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史之弧,并再次使它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。)
  这句话里young and old、rich and poor指代老少、穷富之人,cynical、 fearful, doubtful 是形容一些人的态度,讥讽,担忧和怀疑。看起来简单,但如让同学们自己表达的话,可能就不这么精确了。这在英语写作中叫平行结构,和中文的对偶对仗有点类似。如果前面一句你用youngsters and old people、rich people and who are poor,虽然意思没变,但语言不工整也不精炼。
  平行结构在英语写作中应用广泛,大家要学会找到哪些地方需要平行结构并且怎样保持其语法结构的一致。做个练习:Bitterly、angrily、and with tears in her eyes、 Jane finally retired 4. Bitterly, angrily 和with tears in her eyes都是形容Jane退休时的心情,那么我们是否可以试着把它们三个变成同样的语法结构?Bitterly、angrily and tearfully、Jane finally retired. 这样一来,语言工整顺畅得多了。
  And I would not be standing 5 here without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years, the rock of my family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady, Michelle Obama.
  这是奥巴马对于他妻子的致谢之辞。I would not be standing here without是一个常用的致谢词,表示没有…的支持就不会有今天的成就,我们可以借鉴来,把它看作写作中的一种强调句式。比如,米是中国人不可缺少的食物这句话,可以说Rice is indispensible to Chinese people. 或是再强调一些的话就可以说 People in China cannot live one day without rice. Unyielding 这个词的意思是strong、fixed,常用于书面语,翻译成强有力的或不懈的。比如:His unyielding attitude on this subject was that since he had done it, so could everyone.
  最后让我们来看看他是怎样形容挚爱,the rock of my family,the love of my life. 家庭的基石,一生的挚爱。对于另一半的称呼就像中文一样,英文中也有很多,比如 light of my life、better half、perfect match, etc.
  一些同学总是抱怨找不到正宗的外语资料,也没有语言环境;其实是没有用心去找。比如这篇著名的演讲,即可以作为阅读文章又可以作为大家写作的范文,还可以作为听力资料。关键在于同学们能否意识到并且踏实去研究。
  万事皆学问,只要肯用心。英语写作技巧不是哪本书或哪个名师为你一点就透的,在我看来点石成金只是片面的说法。大家肯不肯下功夫去琢磨,去练习,琢磨练习的方式对不对,起到了很重要的作用。今天给大家一点小小的建议,希望能对你的写作及英语学习有帮助或启示。

1 founders
n.创始人( founder的名词复数 )
  • He was one of the founders of the university's medical faculty. 他是该大学医学院的创建人之一。 来自辞典例句
  • The founders of our religion made this a cornerstone of morality. 我们宗教的创始人把这看作是道德的基石。 来自辞典例句
2 paraphrase
vt.将…释义,改写;n.释义,意义
  • You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
  • Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。
3 cynical
adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的,不信世道向善的
  • The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.由于困难很大,他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。
  • He was cynical that any good could come of democracy.他不相信民主会带来什么好处。
4 retired
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
5 standing
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
标签: 演讲词
学英语单词
a-type boiler
abiding places
accelerating conductor or relay
act up to one's opinion
adamantoids
AG out
amplidyne control unit
amplitude-squeezed light
AMVER
Archaeozoon
asymbiotic nitrogen fixation
atomic packing factor
autocap
bachem
Bergerocactus
black nationalist,Black Nationalist
calate
call signal
carpenter ants
cathode ray gun
chemical fastness
citizen's advocate centre
coal briquette
count against sb
delessio
descent orbit insertion
dittogrphy
dolores vagi
dreamina
earth-eater
emergency bilge suction valve
environmental pharmacology
eye tracking unit
fara
fe-s protein
font type
generation of trip
genuine turpentine oil
goods in bulk
grandiflora
gross start-stop distortion
guest rooms
have somebody by the short hairs
illtyd
intermodel
joffes
kill the enemy
macro directory
media globalization
meningoencephalitides
minimum deflection angle
mobile-river
moon face
mutual most-favored-nation clause
nemery
neoplatin
Nerdwallet
nominal size of pipe
norbert wieners
nuclear design calculations
once-dilapidated
open the way for
orthochronous
panchetti
peloponnesos (morea)
phonon coupled level
phytoclimate
plugged steel
potential capillarity
premium digital content
prester
previous-carry digit
program manager
psychotherapy in dermatological non-disease
pulsed ring
pursuers
r.s
racial stereotype
reflecting component
science and applications
Scourge of God
self-learners
set column markers
sheep maggot
sischanensis
slaved system
snetterton
sodium cooled valves
square of Pegasus
stop-over
storified
super-long stroke crosshead diesel engine
sustained transfer rate
the victims of the earthquake
triangular plug
Trogontherium
undercut trimmer saw
unhinged
value add
voltage overshoot
with the speed of
writable control storage programming