时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语音标发音视频


英语课

 语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(?)、降调(?)、升降调(∧)、降升调(∨)以及平调(→)。一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning)。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例:


  1)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry?(?)
  Jean用升调说“Sorry”,其意思是“I didn’t hear you.Could 1 you say that again,please?”
  我们再看下句:
  2)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
  B:Sorry.(?)
  在对话2)中,Jean用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。
  美国著名语言学家Kenneth L.Pike认为:
  一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的,而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。
  英语有四级能区别意义的调高:
  1)特高调(extra high),即比正常的声调高两级,常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。
  2)高调(high),即比正常的声调高一级,一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。
  3)中调(mid),即说话人声音的正常高度。
  4)低调(low),即比正常的声调低一级,
  一般是降调的最低点。
  应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式,而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。
  因此,对于我们中国的英语学习者来说,通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。

1 could
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
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aerial colo(u)r photography
air cell cylinder head
algeripithecus minutuss
all automatic
arisaema limbatum nakai et maekawa
asrequired
begli
bibliothecarian
blocking valve
bloopa
bridge isomerism
brush ... teeth
bsets
buclizini hydroch-loridum
call her out
calorimetric
coaxial-line resonator
complementer
convexity coefficient
coroutine call and return
corymb-
crus cerebri
customary's performance deposits
cyanoethylating
deciwatt
demethylcolchicine
detection table
dirctional circuit-breaker
disk-type friction clutch
double-frequency recording technique
electric titration
electric-vacuum glass
emotionalising
emplored
entituled
equivalent circulating density
express-analysis
Galaxaura
gamma-ray spectrometer
gonocalyx
grate chain
hipy
homomorphic signal processing
hospital furniture
hydroclassifying
IAIP
inheritable character
instruction scheduling
internal conjunction
internal fittings of tank
intumescence, intumescency
Japanesery
Koygorodok
lasius
lateral reinforcement
lime dinas
Lupaso
map collection
maximum enzyme velocity
media-,medi-
mesanepisternum
money-no-object
multiple-nozzle pump
MXT
national accounting system
natural aspiration
nonfossiliferous
not bring yourself to do something
nuclear quadrupole spectrum
peck right
pedestal horn
per cent pack
phospho-src
piano fingers
piotting symbols
policenan
polypnoea
postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia
Powhatan County
presumptive heir
prolamins
reluctance
river waybill
share-ramping
shutoff stroke
siphon condenser
skidding lever
slip switch
small beer chronicle
sound damping chamber
spiritus benzaldebydi
staphylokinases
symmetric dyadic
tap-off unit
the republic
Tractatus Coislinianus
trading hub
us airborne
video-recording
visceral cavity (coelom)
Weisz's reagent
Word of God