初中英语词汇题解析
时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英语音标发音视频
英语课
初中英语词汇题解析 词汇是构成人类语言大厦的建筑材料,是语言三要素中最重要的、最基本的要素,自然成为各类英语考查的一个重点。到目前为止,我们已经学了好多单词,那么这些单词究竟在考试中如何现身呢?其考查的方式主要有如下几种:单词拼写、词形转换、词语释义、词组英汉互译、单词填空等,本文将分别作以介绍。
一、单词拼写
此类词的考查,要求同学们根据句意、语法知识及结构,分析要用什么形式。其解题步骤为: 首先,要认真阅读全句,正确理解句意,虽然题中有可能已给出应填词的汉意,但英语与汉语并不是永远能一一对等的,因此正确理解全句有利于准确判断应填的单词。 第二,要分析应填词充当的句子成分,正确判断应填词的词性。 第三,要判断所填词应采用的正确词形。若为名词,应注意其单复数、可数还是不可数及其所有格形式;若为动词,应注意人称、数、时态、语态及非谓语动词形式;若为修饰语,应注意修饰名词或代词时用形容词,而修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句时要用副词;若为代词,注意代词的各种形式;若为形容词、副词,应注意等级变化。类题以两种形式出现。
1. 给出首字母,补全单词
本题型考察学生在理解句子意义的基础上正确拼写单词的能力。解题时,学生先要结合所给的首字母,对句子整体感悟,弄清句子的含义,然后根据句子的意义判断出应该填写的单词的正确形式,并且注意要填写的单词是否与句子前后搭配一致和语法是否正确。
1) July is the s______ month of the year.(2005江苏宿迁)
此题应该填seventh 2, 应该用seven的序数词形式。
2)In autumn, the leaves 3 of most trees turn _____(2005江苏盐城)
此题应该填yellow, 主要是根据所给的句子的整体意思判断。
3)Don’t open the books. Please keep them c_____(2005湖北十堰)
应该填closed,本题主要是考察keep的用法。
1.) — Who jumps f______ in your class?
—Paul does. I think he can jump as 4 much as three meters 5.(2005山东德州中考)
此题应该填farthest 6, 因为后面有in 引导的介词短语。
2)— I like black and red, but my f_____ color is blue.
此题应该填favorite(2005山东德州中考)
. September is the n _______ month of the year.
(‘97山西)
此题应填序数词ninth 7,注意n后不带e 1。
2. Jack 8 is h _______now, because he didn’t have breakfast this morning.
此题须根据后句"因为他今天早上未吃早饭",才可推断出Jack现在是饿了,因此应填hungry(而不填happy, healthy, helpful 10, heavy等其它以h开头的形容词)。
3. This skirt is c _______ and the other is expensive.
该题填cheap。后面的expensive正好与该词相对。
4. —How far is it from your home to your school?
—It is about fifty m_____ walk.
该题填minutes’。注意要用复数形式minutes,并且要用其所有格形式
5. S ____ 10th is Teachers’ Day.
该题考查有关常识的掌握情况,应填September
2 完成单词型
技巧点播本题型是根据句子意思及所给的汉语完成单词。主要是考察学生在理解句子意义的基础上进行汉英词汇转换的表达及运用能力。解题时,学生先要了解所给的汉语词汇在英语句子中所起的语法作用,并以此来确定要转换的英语单词的词性、词形和结构,切不可简单地以汉语思维方式来进行。要主义汉语的一词多义和英语的多义现象以及词形转换的英语词汇必须在语法上与原句子前后相一致。
1) When did 9 Mr. Smith and his friends ______(到达) in China.(2005江苏南通)
此题应该填arrive, arrive in为固定词组到达
2) How many _____(香蕉)have you picked 11?(2005浙江温州)
Bananas, how many意为“多少”,后面多接名词复数
3) Would 12 you like to go _____(钓鱼)with me?(2005浙江温州)
此题应该填fishing 13, go+动词-ing, 表示去做某事。
4) He has much money but _____(少)friends, so he is not happy at all.(2005江苏常州)
此题应该填few,空格后的friends是可数名词,应该用few修饰
4) It is a ____(晴朗的)day. It is good to go boating 14 in the park.
此题应该填sunny或者是fine
5)We are going 15 to Beijing _____(在期间)our holidays.(2005安徽)
此题应该填during 16, during the holidays意为在假期期间。
1).— Look, that is my new bike over there.
—Oh, it is an __________ (橙色的)one. So cool! (2005山东滨州)
该题所空之处应该填orange
1. I hear you‘re living 17 ________ (高兴)in the new building.
该题所空之处系修饰动词living,应用副词形式happily。
2. Keep _______(传)the ball to each other, and you’ll be OK.
该题应填passing,keep后应接动词的ing形式作宾语。
3. He _______ (清洁)our classroom every morning.
填cleans。主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时,动词用-s形式。
4. Li Ming is the best student in his class. He can dohis homework
without any t____.
填trouble 18。前半句的介绍对正确选出所填之词很关键。
二、词形转换
本题型考查学生根据语法知识判断词形、转换词性和词形以及运用词汇组建句子的能力。解题时,学生首先要整体领悟和理解句子的意思,根据所给单词的词性极其在句子中的前后搭配关系,分析和明确其在句子中所要起的语法作用,然后
1) The building has ____(ten)floors.(2005江苏常州)
Ten,这座楼房共有十层,ten做定语修饰floor
2) I think English is very careful. Are you _____(interest) in it?(2005江苏宿迁)
Interested 20, be interested in为固定词组
2) The Greens live on the ____(nine)floor of the tall building.(2005江苏无锡)
Ninth, nine的序数词是ninth, 应该去掉e
3) Thursday id the ______(five) day of the week.(2005福州)
Fifth 21, five的序数词是fifth
1. Who runs _______ in the class? (fast)
应填fastest。此处是有一比较的范围in the class, 应用副词fast的最
高级。
2. Jack‘s father often makes him ________ (do) his homework for three
hours every day .
应填do。make作"使、让"讲时,其不定式宾补不带to。
3. There are a lot of tall ________ (build) in the city.
填buildings。首先根据句子结构考虑要用名词, 其次要注意用复数。
4.. Look,how _______ the baby is running 22! (quick)
填quickly。根据感叹句的结构判断,此处应填副词修饰动词。
三、词语释义
这一题型的题目较多地反映在同义词语或相同表达上。 如:take care 19 of/look after, have a good t time/enjoy oneself 23, go to bed/go to sleep, be good at/do well in, by air/by plane, no longer /not...any longer, keep doing sth. / go on doing sth. 等
例如:
1) Look out, David,! A car is coming.(2005河北)
A. Be careful B. Look outside C. Look around D. Look back
Look out=be careful 意为当心,小心
2) Children always have a good time on Children’s Day.(2005福州)
A. help each other B. enjoy themselves 24 C. look beautiful D. have a big dinner
Have a good time=enjoy oneself,意为玩的快乐
1. Don‘t worry. Your daughter will be all right soon.
A. ill B .happy C. well D .nice
答案C。all right指身体恢复健康。
2. "Thank you very much." "Not at all."
A. Sorry B. You are welcome
C. Certainly 25 D. It doesn‘t matter
答案B。对感谢的答语还有:That’s all right. /Don‘t mention 26 it等。
1 e
n.英语字母表的第5个字母;C大调音阶中的第三音
- The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错,把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 seventh
n.七分之一;num./adj.第七
- July is the seventh month of the year.7月是一年中的第七个月。
- Let's start from the seventh stop. 让我们从第七站开始。
3 leaves
n.树叶,花瓣; leaf 的复数; leave 的单数第三人称现在式
- The walk was covered with leaves.这人行道上满是树叶。
- Will you check on the time the train leaves?请你核对一下火车开出的时间好吗?
4 as
conj.按照;如同
- He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
- In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
5 meters
n.米( meter的名词复数 );计;表;(用于测量电、煤气、水等,以及时间和距离的)计量器
- These cars are put at intervals of three meters. 这些车每隔三米放一辆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The plane was flying at an altitude of 2000 meters. 这时飞机的高度是2000公尺。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 farthest
adj.最远的,最久的;adv.最远,(far的最高级)
- The town is five miles away at the farthest.那个镇至多不过五英里。
- Of all the students,I ran farthest.在所有学生中,我跑得最远。
7 ninth
adj.第九,九分之一
- He is coming back on the ninth of May.他五月九号回来。
- September is the ninth month of the year. 九月是一年中的第九个月。
8 jack
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
- I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
- He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
9 did
v.动词do的过去式
- How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
- Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
10 helpful
adj.有帮助的,有用的,
- Computers are very useful and helpful.电脑非常有用,也有益。
- I try to be very helpful.我尽量使自己有助于人。
11 picked
adj.精选的,摘下的v.采( pick的过去式和过去分词 );摘;啄;叼
- I picked up a few good bargains in the sale. 我在减价期间买了几样挺不错的便宜货。
- She picked herself up, brushed herself down, and started walking again. 她爬起来,掸掸身上的灰尘,又往前走去。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 would
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
- Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
- Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
13 fishing
n.捕鱼;钓鱼,鱼业;adj.钓鱼的
- We are interested in fishing.我们对钓鱼感兴趣。
- Let's go fishing today.我们今天去钓鱼吧。
14 boating
n.划船
- They were fond of boating.他们喜欢划船。
- The lovely river itself was ideal for fishing and boating.这条美丽的河流本身就宜于钓鱼和划船。
15 going
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
- We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
- He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
16 during
prep.在…期间,在…时候
- What did you do with yourself during the summer holidays?暑假你是怎样度过的?
- London is full of visitors during May and June.五六月间伦敦挤满了游客。
17 living
adj.活的,活着的,现存的;逼真的,一模一样的;生活的,维持生活的;n.生活,生计
- Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
- I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
18 trouble
n.苦恼,麻烦;故障;动乱;vt.麻烦 vi.费神
- I hate to trouble you.我真不愿麻烦你。
- The trouble is that he doesn't have enough money.麻烦在于他缺钱。
19 care
n.小心,照料,忧虑;v.关心,照顾,喜爱,介意
- I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
- Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
20 interested
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
- to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
- I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
21 fifth
num.第五;n.五分之一
- It's the fifth door on the right.右边第五个门。
- I like to sit in about the fifth row.我想坐在第五排左右。
23 oneself
pron.[反身代词]自己;亲自,本人
- If one wants to learn it,one must do it oneself.要想学会它就得亲自去做。
- It is not good to think only of oneself.只为自己着想是不好的。
24 themselves
pron.他们自己,她们自己,它们本身;他们亲自;他自己
- They finished the work by themselves.他们自己完成了这项工作。
- The boys didn't know what to do with themselves after school ended.男孩们不知道放学后该做些什么。
标签:
初中英语词汇