时间:2018-12-16 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2010年(三月)


英语课

Providing emergency contraception before it's needed does not affect unwanted pregnancy 1 rate


Philip Graitcer | Atlanta, Georgia 22 March 2010




Family planning experts wondered if having emergency contraceptives on hand would prevent unwanted pregnancies 2.


A new review of 11 medical studies finds that easier access to emergency contraception does not reduce the rates of unintended pregnancy.


Emergency contraceptives, like the so-called morning-after pill, can prevent pregnancy if they are taken within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse 3. But barriers discourage their widespread and timely use. Some women find it difficult or embarrassing to request a prescription 4 from their doctors or to get the medication in time.


Family planning experts wondered if having emergency contraceptives on hand would solve that problem. Dr. Chelsea Polis, a family planning researcher at the Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health, explains they gave women the medication as a precaution, so they would have it on hand if they needed to take it.


"Advance provision of emergency contraception is the idea that providing women with a packet or several packets of pills in advance of need will allow them to access the medication more quickly, and that by accessing it more quickly, they'll be able to use it within that recommended time frame," says Polis.


Pill only works if it's taken


She and her colleagues have just completed a review of 11 medical studies that measured the effectiveness of advance provision of emergency contraception.


In the Cochrane Database of Systematic 5 Reviews, she reports, "We found that easier access to emergency contraception did help women use the pills more quickly when it was needed, and they used it more often, but despite that increased use and faster use, it didn't reduce rates of unintended pregnancy."


Polis explains that the strategy did not work as predicted because of what's called a population level effect. "When you can't say for sure whether all the women in the advance provision group actually used the medication, then you're kind of looking at population level effect of a strategy, not the individual effect of a medication." In other words, while emergency contraception is effective for individual women, advance provision can't be expected to make a different in the community.


Because of this finding, Polis says that family planning experts must continue helping women understand when they are at risk of becoming pregnant and teach them how to avoid unintended pregnancy

 



1 pregnancy
n.怀孕,怀孕期
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
2 pregnancies
怀孕,妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )
  • Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象,战时人口正该补充。
  • She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。
3 intercourse
n.性交;交流,交往,交际
  • The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。
  • There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。
4 prescription
n.处方,开药;指示,规定
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
5 systematic
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
学英语单词
abbreviated Doolittle method
agkistrodon acutus
allochthonous sediment
anticontractile
array mbiras
associate dean
at abroad
atmospheric diving suit
audio-gram
auxiliary fuel pump
basic indicator
bearded Milanese
bell rope
bilprotein
cantering
carbarsone
cardinalic
Carmo do Rio Claro
chorussing
coastal zone resources
coefficient of retardance
color graphic work station
Common Intermediate Format
compressor exhauster unit
consolido meter
constre
credit underwriting
deltaeta
egged
erythrogenic acid
exhaust conditioning box
finder adapter
fire suppression system
fix someone's little red wagon
Fourier modulus
french republics
fuel spray nozzle
game on-demand
ghost protocol
grottiness
heating tongs
heggies
HPWT
identification papers
inside gauge
International Consultative Committee
irrigation frequency
kralik
law of stream gradient
lie-down
london depositary receipt
lustre-coating agent
macrolevels
made the trial
MAPL
maximum working value
mcsween
methemalbuminemia
Mizoguchi Kenji
moments of truncated distribution
ninet
nonadic
nonmicrobial
oligozoospermias
organic insecticide
over-thoughtful
pahute mesa
paikoff
papait
PARRIDAE
phycobilin
piezoresistance transduction element
pince
pondexter
posterior intermediate sulcus
primitive spleen
pseudotrunks
punch operator
reduction of output
reductive genioplasty
sarcoma of penis
Schkeuditz
sequential memory mode
sermatech
share alike
sir sarvepalli radhakrishnans
solder clad copper
spels
split Abelian subgroup
spun-bonded non-woven fabric
subfactorials
system designing
telescopic star
temperature measuring element
textwar
tutorial subsystem
unpilled
unregardful
ventralizes
Walgaon
within measure
Xiaojun