时间:2018-12-16 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2010年(三月)


英语课

Providing emergency contraception before it's needed does not affect unwanted pregnancy 1 rate


Philip Graitcer | Atlanta, Georgia 22 March 2010




Family planning experts wondered if having emergency contraceptives on hand would prevent unwanted pregnancies 2.


A new review of 11 medical studies finds that easier access to emergency contraception does not reduce the rates of unintended pregnancy.


Emergency contraceptives, like the so-called morning-after pill, can prevent pregnancy if they are taken within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse 3. But barriers discourage their widespread and timely use. Some women find it difficult or embarrassing to request a prescription 4 from their doctors or to get the medication in time.


Family planning experts wondered if having emergency contraceptives on hand would solve that problem. Dr. Chelsea Polis, a family planning researcher at the Johns Hopkins University's Bloomberg School of Public Health, explains they gave women the medication as a precaution, so they would have it on hand if they needed to take it.


"Advance provision of emergency contraception is the idea that providing women with a packet or several packets of pills in advance of need will allow them to access the medication more quickly, and that by accessing it more quickly, they'll be able to use it within that recommended time frame," says Polis.


Pill only works if it's taken


She and her colleagues have just completed a review of 11 medical studies that measured the effectiveness of advance provision of emergency contraception.


In the Cochrane Database of Systematic 5 Reviews, she reports, "We found that easier access to emergency contraception did help women use the pills more quickly when it was needed, and they used it more often, but despite that increased use and faster use, it didn't reduce rates of unintended pregnancy."


Polis explains that the strategy did not work as predicted because of what's called a population level effect. "When you can't say for sure whether all the women in the advance provision group actually used the medication, then you're kind of looking at population level effect of a strategy, not the individual effect of a medication." In other words, while emergency contraception is effective for individual women, advance provision can't be expected to make a different in the community.


Because of this finding, Polis says that family planning experts must continue helping women understand when they are at risk of becoming pregnant and teach them how to avoid unintended pregnancy

 



1 pregnancy
n.怀孕,怀孕期
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
2 pregnancies
怀孕,妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )
  • Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象,战时人口正该补充。
  • She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。
3 intercourse
n.性交;交流,交往,交际
  • The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。
  • There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。
4 prescription
n.处方,开药;指示,规定
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
5 systematic
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
学英语单词
Adelphan-Esidrex
anesthesiologies
anterior superior iliac spine
Antitaurus
BDV (breakdown voltage)
beading line
Bhesa
bias cutter
broken flange detector finger
browster
c-number
calixes
charge-stroage varactor
co-ordinate formula
colonialize
colour discrimination lamp
contingency perspective
conventional ignition system
copper oxide meter
cross-over track
curling dies
cut down expenses
Cynanchum gracilipes
daishowas
darkie
deepa
ever created
facients
Fargesia qinlingensis
feu-farmer
fixed end wall
fluence
fluxing medium
fosen
full address jump
gaudet
give a good example
graphic output unit
Guir, C.
gun-emplacements
hagseed
Hathor capital
helium absorption chamber
high-bay
histologic lesion
Holland cigar
ice cream cake
inferior wings
interim interdict
IP fax
jammed out
JIRA,J.I.R.A.
Judayyidah
kyoga
laraine
laser video
low-frequency region
mallet finger
marriage brokerage
matsen
microvitrain
misquoter
Muscoidea
Naejangdo
Namsan Park
neoprene rubber
newpoints
no-load lose
objective of water conservancy planning
oleate
oriental and ethiopian realm
Pabetangan
phonetic transcriptions
pier mirrors
plant waste
plastic substances
points of inflection
prior to the expiration of the term
proveditor
repaire
rough and tumble
rule with a heavy hand
S.&S.R.
sceats
science fiction
screwing tap
secretarial education
sparks up
spreading rate
squadronist
strain crystallization
superexchange interaction
sus out
suturae occipitomastoidea
symbiogenetic
tattletale gray
the-naze
tranquillisings
United Ireland
wheat-germ oil
winemerchant
wire communication line