时间:2018-12-12 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   考研英语阅读要能够正确快速攻克长难句,一是词汇量的积累,二是语法知识的储备。在语法知识中,我们必备的一项技能是找准句子主干,抓住关键信息。怎么才能够找准主干呢?首先我们要找到句子的主语和谓语,一旦把这两种成分找到,整个句子就不攻自破了。本文就来谈一下颇让大家头痛的主干主语寻找方法。


  主语是英语句子中一个主要语法成分,是句子中出现的第一个独立名词或具有名词词性的短语或是句子。主语表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象,由名词性的成分来充当,说明人物、地方、行为、事件、事实等。下面我们通过从主语的形式上来讲一下如何认定主语。
  英语中的主语是独立的名词性质的词或短语,除了名词和代词之外,名词性的成分还包括:
  (一)the+形容词,表示某一类的人或事物,如the rich, 表示富人。
  (二)动词的非谓语形式(不定式或动名词)可起名词作用。
  1、不定式作主语
  (1)当不定式作主语时,如果较短,可直接出现在主语位置。
  (2)如果不定式充当的主语较长而谓语较短时,常用形式主语“it”放在谓语之前,而把真正的不定式主语放在句子后面。如:It is my duty to take care of these kids.
  (3)有时,不定式的前面可以有一个连接词、连接代词或连接副词(包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how)。如:
  Where/When/How/Who to prepare the dinner is not decided 1 yet.
  2、动名词作主语
  动名词相当于一个名词,可以充当句子主语。如:Being a man has always been dangerous.
  还有一种情况,当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,其前加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。如:
  Everyone’s being the same in survival and number of offspring means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
  (三)主语从句
  句子也可以起名词作用,在句子中充当主语,形成主语从句。判断主语从句时,可先找到句子的谓语,谓语前面的从句就叫做主语从句。如果主语从句较长,而谓语动词比较短,也可以借助形式主语it,主语从句放在谓语后面。

1 decided
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
标签: 长难句
学英语单词
above the salt
addendum modification of wormwheel
aerophotogrammetric field work
Aktiebolaget
amye
as happy as a clam
basendite
basopenias
battle plans
Bone-one
Brahms Inlet
breaker's yard
butoxy group
calefacted
car journal and box inspection
cardianesthesia
cercospora krugiana
clouds from volcanic eruptions
coastal resorts
colchines
compound analysis
coracana
corsaro
cosmiomorpha taiwanomontanus
Cusiana R.
Dacca District
data element (in database)
de Broglie wavelength
dicranoptycha formosensis
Difrm
double-interruption jack
drop-method
dropping worm
easied
ecphore
engineer's estimate
Ephestia cautella
estimate variance
exercise ... right
FAL (frequency allocation list)
fiduciary circulation
file finishing
finemen
French Indochina
from title page to colophon
gaussian random vibration
half(first)cousin
heat storing matrix
hemafacient
high-frequency loss
high-temperature short-time processing
hydrogenate effluents
Håverud
interactive video disk system
interspersals
main bearing structure
Marie's sclerosis
max rotating angle of pitman arm shaft
mcak
minable seam
mix instruction
mixed account
multimediatizing
mysticismus
Nizovskaya
noncult
notice of delivery
open voltage
Papaver somniferum L.
perfluoropolyalkylether oil
playback signal
polytomous
positive punch stripper
programmed digital automatic control
public videotex system
pulse magnitude fluctuation
rated temperature-rise
rotating drum relay
sangivamycine
scer
schn
sciaticas
shets
single-frame motor
spondylus sinensis
standardization of tariff
steady irrotational flow
Sudetes
syndrome of high-titer cold hemagglutination
theoretical pedagogics
thermal utilization factor
time background
to my eye
two-way tap
typhoidal scarlet fever
unexpurgated
vacuum thermometer
Vawkavyskaye Wzvyshsha
vibrating shoe
wider-spread
work-attitude
y?eh hu