豆知识 2009-09-20&09-22 甲型H1N1流感（猪流感）小知

 Hello, I’m Dr. Joe Bresee with the CDC Influenza 1 Division. I’m here speak with you today about swine flu.

 
First I’ll begin by explaining what swine flu is. Swine flu is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses. Outbreaks of swine flu happen regularly in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do occur. Most commonly, human cases of swine flu happen in people who are around pigs, but it’s possible for swine flu viruses to spread from person to person also.
 
The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue 2. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting 3 are associated with swine flu as well. In the past, severe illnesses, such as pneumonia 4 and respiratory failure, as well as deaths, had been reported with swine influenza infection in people as well. Like seasonal 5 flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying 6 chronic 7 medical conditions.
 
I’ll now discuss the severity of swine flu illness in people. Similar to seasonal flu, swine flu in humans can vary in severity from mild to severe. Between 2005 until January 2009, 12 human cases of swine flu were detected in the United States with no deaths occurring. However, swine flu infection can be serious. In September 1988, a previously 8 healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman in Wisconsin was hospitalized for pneumonia after being infected with swine flu and she died eight days later. A swine flu outbreak in Fort Dix, New Jersey 9 occurred in 1976 that caused more than 200 cases with severe illness in several people and one death.
 
Spread of swine flu can occur in two ways. The first way is through contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine flu viruses. The second way is through contact with the person infected with the swine flu virus. Human to human spread of swine flu has also been documented and is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu. Influenza is thought to be spread mainly person to person through coughing or sneezing of infected people. 
 
Next, I would like to tell you about the medicines that can be used to treat swine flu. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir, or zanamivir for the treatment and, alternatively, prevention of infection with these swine flu viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription 10 medicines, such as pills, liquids or inhaler that fights against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and can make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick, specifically within two days of symptoms.