时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:2017年VOA慢速英语(三)月


英语课

 


From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.


If you want to slow aging, you might want to eat less. Researchers in the United States say eating less can slow the aging process of cells in the body.


This finding is good news – if you are a mouse. The researchers studied mice, not people.


John Price is a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University in the U.S. state of Utah.


He and other researchers studied two groups of mice. One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The researchers restricted what the other animals in the other group ate. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.


Price says the mice with the diet restrictions 2 were “more energetic and suffered fewer diseases.” They were not just living longer, they seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time.


Price says that when you restrict calories (in mice), there is a direct increase in lifespan – the average age of the animal. He and his team found that calorie “restriction 1 caused real biochemical changes that slowed down the rate of aging."


But how?


The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism 3 in cells called ribosomes. Price explains that ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.


The University of Utah researchers say ribosomes use from 10 to 20 percent of the cell's energy to make those proteins.


In a press release on the study, Price wrote that "because of this, it is impractical 4 to destroy an entire ribosome” when it starts to break down.


However, “repairing individual parts of the ribosome on a regular basis enables ribosomes to continue producing high quality proteins for longer than they would otherwise. This top quality production, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well."


Price used automobiles 5 to explain how ribosomes repair themselves. He said that a “ribosome is a very complex machine,” like a car.


Ribosomes, likes cars, need “maintenance to replace the parts that wear out the fastest. When tires wear out,” he explained, “you don't throw the whole car away and buy” a new one. It costs less to replace the old tires.


Earlier studies have suggested a link between calorie restrictions and slowed aging. However, this is first to show how the ribosomes can influence aging.


Price noted 6 calorie restriction as a way to slow aging has not been tested in humans. But he adds that the main finding for people is the "the importance of taking care of our bodies."


"Food,” he said, “isn't just material to be burned -- it's a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond.”


Price said the findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age. And this may “help us make more educated decisions about what we eat."


Words in This Story


calorie – n. an amount of food having an energy-producing value of one large calorie


biochemical – adj. represented by, produced by, or involving chemical reactions in living organisms


mechanism – n. a process or system that is used to produce a result


impractical – adj. not easy to do or use


regular – adj. happening or done very often


basis – n. a fixed 7 method or system for doing something


functioning – v. to work or operate


maintenance – n. the act of keeping property or equipment in good condition by making repairs or correcting problems



1 restriction
n.限制,约束
  • The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
  • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
2 restrictions
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
3 mechanism
n.机械装置;机构,结构
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
4 impractical
adj.不现实的,不实用的,不切实际的
  • He was hopelessly impractical when it came to planning new projects.一到规划新项目,他就完全没有了实际操作的能力。
  • An entirely rigid system is impractical.一套完全死板的体制是不实际的。
5 automobiles
n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )
  • When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后,就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上,汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 noted
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
7 fixed
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
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