THE MAKING OF A NATION 48 - James Madison, Part 4
时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:The Making of a Nation
THE MAKING OF A NATION #48 - James Madison, Part 4
By Frank Beardsley
Broadcast: Thursday, February 05, 2004
(THEME)
VOICE ONE:
THE MAKING OF A NATION -- a program in Special English.
(THEME)
As we reported in the last program, British forces attacked Washington in the summer of Eighteen-Fourteen. They burned the Capitol building, the White House, and other public buildings before withdrawing to their ships in the Chesapeake Bay.
British General Robert Ross and Admiral Sir George Cockburn led the attack on Washington. They planned next to attack Baltimore. But the people of Baltimore expected the attack, and began to prepare for it. Fifty-thousand of them built defenses around the city.
The port of Baltimore was protected by Fort McHenry. The guns and cannon 1 of the fort could prevent British ships from reaching the city.
VOICE TWO:
The British began with a land attack against Baltimore. General Ross, Admiral Cockburn, and about four-thousand British soldiers landed at North Point, a finger of land reaching into the Chesapeake Bay.
From North Point, it was a march of about twenty-two kilometers to Baltimore. The march began about seven in the morning. General Ross and Admiral Cockburn stopped their men after an hour. The two commanders and several of their officers rode to a nearby farmhouse 2 and forced the family living there to give them breakfast.
When the British officers had finished eating, the farmer asked General Ross where the British were going. "To Baltimore," answered Ross. The farmer told Ross that he might have some difficulty getting there, because of the city's strong defenses. "I will eat supper in Baltimore...or in hell," answered the British general.
VOICE ONE:
Ross and Cockburn moved far in front of the British forces. A group of several hundred Americans opened fire on the British officers. Ross was hit and died soon afterwards.
The Americans retreated, but slowed the progress of the British soldiers. It was late the next day before the British force arrived to face the army of Americans near Baltimore. The Americans were on high ground and had about one-hundred cannon to fire down on the British. The British commander ordered his men to rest for the night. He sent a message to the British warships 3 to attack the city with guns and mortars 4. Such an attack, he felt, might cause the Americans to fall back. But the British ships already had been firing since early morning at Fort McHenry. The British guns were more powerful than those of the fort. This let the ships fire from so far away that the American guns could not hit them.
Fort McHenry
Shells and bombs from British mortars fell like rain over Fort McHenry. But few Americans in the fort were hurt or killed. Most of the rockets and shells exploded in the air or missed. Many of them failed to explode.
VOICE TWO:
On a tall staff from the center of the fort flew a large American flag. The flag could be seen by the soldiers defending the city and by the British warships. The flag also was seen by a young American. His name was Francis Scott Key.
Key was a lawyer who once had thought of giving his life to religious work. He was a poet and writer. Key opposed war. But he loved his country and joined the army in Washington to help defend it.
When the British withdrew from Washington, they took with them an American doctor, Wiliam Beanes. Key knew Beanes. And he asked President Madison to request the British commander to release the doctor. President Madison wrote such a request, and Key agreed to carry it to Admiral Cockburn. Key also carried letters from wounded British soldiers in American hospitals. In one of the letters, a British soldier told of the excellent medical care he was being given.
Cockburn agreed to free the doctor after he read the reports of good medical care given his wounded men. But Cockburn would not permit Key, the doctor, or a man who came with Key to return to land until after the attack.
VOICE ONE:
Francis Scott Key watched as the shells and rockets began to fall on Fort McHenry.
"I saw the flag of my country," Key said later,
Francis Scott Key
"waving over a city -- the strength and pride of my native state. I watched the enemy prepare for his assault. I heard the sound of battle. The noise of the conflict fell upon my listening ear. It told me that the `brave and the free' had met the invaders 5."
All through the rainy day, the attack continued. Doctor Beanes, watching with Key, had difficulty seeing the flag. He kept asking Key if the "stars and stripes" still flew above the fort. Until dark, Key could still see it. After then, he could only hope.
VOICE TWO:
Britain tried to land another force of men near the fort. But the Americans heard the boats and fired at them. The landing failed. Shells and rockets continued to rain down on Fort McHenry. At times, the fort's cannon answered. And Key knew the Americans had not surrendered.
The British land force east of Baltimore spent most of the night trying to keep dry. Commanders could not decide if they should attack or retreat. Finally, orders came from the admiral: "Withdraw to your ships." A land attack against Baltimore's defenses would not be attempted.
At first light of morning, British shells were still bursting in the air over the fort. The flag had holes in it from the British shells. But it still flew. The British shelling stopped at seven o'clock. Key took an old letter from his pocket and wrote a poem about what he had seen.
VOICE ONE:
Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous 6 fight
O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly 7 streaming?
And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there.
Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
For more than one-hundred years, Americans sang this song and remembered the attack at Fort McHenry. In Nineteen-Thirty-One, Congress made the "Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem 8 of the United States.
VOICE TWO:
The unsuccessful British attack on Baltimore was followed by news that Britain also had suffered a defeat to the north.
British General Sir George Prevost led eleven-thousand soldiers south from Montreal to New York. At Plattsburgh, on the western shore of Lake Champlain, his army was opposed by less than four-thousand Americans. General Prevost believed he should get control of the lake before moving against the American defenders 9.
He requested the support of four British ships and about ten gunboats. A group of American ships of about the same size also entered the lake. In a fierce battle, the American naval 10 force sank the British ships. The large land army of Prevost decided 11 not to attack without naval support. The eleven-thousand British soldiers turned around and marched back to Montreal.
VOICE ONE:
By the time these battles of Eighteen-Fourteen had been fought, the two sides already had agreed to discuss peace. The peace talks began in the summer at Ghent, in Belgium.
The British at first were in no hurry to sign a peace treaty. They believed that their forces would be able to capture parts of the United States.
Britain demanded as a condition for peace that the United States give large areas of its northwest to the Indians. It also said America must give Canada other areas along the border. And Britain would not promise to stop seizing American seamen 12 and putting them in the British navy.
But British policy at the peace talks changed after the battles of Baltimore and Plattsburgh. That will be our story next week.
(THEME)
VOICE TWO:
You have been listening to the Special English program, THE MAKING OF A NATION. Your narrators were Harry 13 Monroe and Maurice Joyce. Our program was written by Frank Beardsley. THE MAKING OF A NATION can be heard Thursdays.
- The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
- The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。
- We fell for the farmhouse as soon as we saw it.我们对那所农舍一见倾心。
- We put up for the night at a farmhouse.我们在一间农舍投宿了一夜。
- The enemy warships were disengaged from the battle after suffering heavy casualties. 在遭受惨重伤亡后,敌舰退出了海战。
- The government fitted out warships and sailors for them. 政府给他们配备了战舰和水手。
- They could not move their heavy mortars over the swampy ground. 他们无法把重型迫击炮移过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Where the hell are his mortars? 他有迫击炮吗? 来自教父部分
- They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
- The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
- The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
- We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机,我们如今已安然无恙。
- He gallantly offered to carry her cases to the car. 他殷勤地要帮她把箱子拎到车子里去。
- The new fighters behave gallantly under fire. 新战士在炮火下表现得很勇敢。
- All those present were standing solemnly when the national anthem was played.奏国歌时全场肃立。
- As he stood on the winner's rostrum,he sang the words of the national anthem.他站在冠军领奖台上,唱起了国歌。
- The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众,只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
- The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。
- This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
- There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。