EXPLORATIONS - Yabby and Space Place

EXPLORATIONS -February 13, 2002: Yabby and Space Place

By Paul Thompson
VOICE ONE:

This is Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And this is Bob Doughty 1 with the VOA Special English program EXPLORATIONS. Today we tell about a
special place on the Internet communications system that helps young children learn about the exploration of
space.

And we tell about copying nature to help design devices that may help explore the planet Mars 2.

((THEME))

VOICE ONE:

Researchers are studying a small Australian shellfish to help them build devices that could explore the surface of
the planet Mars. Australian scientists at the University of Melbourne are studying a small shellfish called a
yabby. The yabby is a small salt-water creature that looks like a crab 3.

David Macmillan is a professor of zoology 4 at the University of Melbourne. He says the yabby can do many
different tasks although it has a very limited amount of intelligence. Researchers are studying the Yabby to see if
they can make a device similar to it that can also perform difficult tasks.

Mister Macmillan says this kind of research is called biomimetics. Biomimetics is the science of using successful
designs found in nature and reproducing 5 them as machines.

Mister Macmillan says biomimetics is a quickly expanding part of scientific research. The kind of machines he is
planning to build are called robots.

VOICE TWO:

Mister Macmillan says many small creatures like the yabby are able to make many of the same decisions that
humans make. Yet they are not as intelligent as humans. For example, they search for and find food. They can
choose a mate so they can produce young. They can also look for and find an area to make a home or nest.

Mister Macmillan says humans make these same decisions using millions and millions of brain cells. Yet
extremely small creatures like the Australian yabby shellfish make the same decisions using just thousands of
brain cells.

VOICE ONE:

Mister Macmillan says the computer industry is now able to make powerful computers that are very small. These
small computers can be placed in small machines that could do useful work. A powerful computer can act like a
brain. So robots can be created to make decisions, similar to the simple decisions made by a yabby.

Mister Macmillan says a good example would be a robot that could be designed to look for water. Another could
be designed to search for minerals or chemicals. These robots could also be designed so they could move across
difficult areas of land and climb small hills. Their small computers could also be able to link together to perform
work or to help each other complete a task. The little robots would be able to perform tasks that would be too
dangerous for people.

VOICE TWO:


Researchers at the National Aeronautics 6 and Space Administration say they want to expand their use of this kind
of small robot. The NASA researchers say some robots can already do this kind of work. But these robots are
much too large and weigh too much to be taken into space.

Researchers say they hope to see many of the small robots that have the intelligence that Yabbies have exploring
Mars in the near future. They could provide information that will increase the chances of human exploration of
the Red-Planet.

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE ONE:

In Nineteen Ninety-Eight, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration launched a very special and
exciting space vehicle. Yet, it did not travel into space. This vehicle traveled in the computer Internet
communications system. It is a Web site on the Internet called Space Place.

The Space Place Web site is a joint 7 effort by NASA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, the
California Institute of Technology and the International Technology Education Association. It was designed as a
tool for teachers to help young children learn about space technology.

VOICE TWO:

Space Place is meant for school children between the ages of eight and thirteen. However, it can really be
enjoyed by anyone who wants to learn about many different space sciences. Among the subjects are space
technology, Earth sciences and space sciences.

Space Place includes about forty activities that help children learn about these subjects. It includes games that
help teach about space. Areas within the web site teach facts about the many different sciences used in space
exploration. Other areas offer plans to help teachers present many of these subjects to their students.

VOICE ONE:

Recently, the federal government counted the number of people living in the United States. This count takes
place every ten years. It is called a census 8. Information collected in the latest census showed that Spanish is the
first language for more than twenty-seven-million people in the United States. Almost thirteen-million speakers
of Spanish do not speak English very well. This number includes many children.

NASA officials decided 9 that these Americans could use a Spanish language version of Space Place. It was
launched last month. It is almost an exact copy of the English language Space Place.

VOICE TWO:

The information and activities at the Space Place web site are developed by workers at the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory. Much of their work has been published in past copies of “The Technology Teacher,
”
the magazine
of the International Technology Education Association.

Teachers say that most of the information on Space Place is for young children. Yet much of it can be useful to
older children in high school.

((MUSIC BRIDGE))

VOICE ONE:

When you open the Space Place Web site, you will see a large screen with several drawings. Each drawing opens
a link to another part of Space Place. Doctor Marc’s Amazing Facts is only one of the many areas in this web
site that you can visit.

If you open Doctor Marc’s Amazing Facts, you will find it links to twelve different questions. One of the links
is called, “How Good is the Amazing Hubble Space Telescope?
”


The answer is: “If you could see as well as the camera on the Hubble Space Telescope, you would be able to
read the small print on a newspaper from one and a half kilometers away.
”
The answer may be simple, but it
clearly describes how powerful the Hubble Space Telescope really is. This area of Space Place also has a
computer link to some of the beautiful color pictures produced by the space telescope.

Doctor Marc ’s Amazing Facts also answers the question about how satellites remain in the same position in the
sky. The answer used the example of the GOES weather satellites. The job of a GOES is to study the weather
over North America. The satellite orbits over the center of Earth at the equator 10 and make one orbit a day. Since
the Earth turns once a day, the weather satellite is moving at the same rate as the Earth and appears to stay in the
same place in the sky all the time.

VOICE TWO:

Another area in Space Place is called Space Science In Action. There, you can learn about many different
sciences. One is called, “The Infrared 11 Photo Album.
”
This area shows many photographs including those of
birds, a young boy, an alligator 12 and a camel. You can look at these photographs as you normally would. You can
also change the image to an infrared photograph.

Light is a form of energy. The human eye can see only some of this energy. Infrared photography permits us to
see light energy the human eye can not see. Infrared photography is extremely valuable in space because it
permits researchers to see space objects the human eye can not see.

VOICE ONE:

You can visit NASA’s Space Place if you have a computer and are able to link with the World Wide Web.
Space Place provides valuable information in simple English that is easy to understand. And it provides the same
information in Spanish.

You can find Space Place by having your computer look for the words “Space Place.
”
Enter it as one word: s-
p-a-c-e-p-l-a-c-e.

Or you can enter the address. It is: w-w-w dot s-p-a-c-e-p-l-a-c-e dot n—a-s-a dot g-o-v.

You can find the link to the Spanish language version of Space Place near the top of the opening page. Have Fun!

((THEME))

VOICE TWO:

This program was written by Paul Thompson. I’m Bob Doughty.

VOICE ONE:

And I’m Steve Ember. Join us again next week for EXPLORATIONS, a program in Special English on the
Voice of America.

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