The Ghost In Your Genes - 6 基因外遗传现象
时间：2018-12-07 作者：英语课 分类：基因外遗传现象
If inheritance was not just about DNA 1, if these gene 2 switches were so important, just what could turn them on or off? Stephanie and Emend Mullins have two children, Karen and Charlotte.
When we were trying to conceive, and you see all your friends around you, getting pregnant, having children. As each month went on, you become more and more desperate.
Doctors recommended IVF treatment. In the UK alone, around 8,000 babies are conceived every year using assisted reproduction techniques, like IVF. After the third attempt, Stephanie became pregnant with Karen.
At the time, they, they didn't really highlight any risks to us. And then we went for a routine scan. And I did feel that the scan was taking an awful long time. Basically what they'd found was something called exomphalos, em, on Karen's abdomen 3 which basically means that part of the bowel 4 is still on the outside of the abdomen.
Doctor suspected that Karen might be suffering from Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 5, a rare condition where babies are born very large, often have oversized tongues and have a high risk of developing childhood cancers.
They couldn't say 100 percent that the baby did have Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. But, it was showing signs. They could see his tongue protruding 6 on the scan. And he said the beast had very big thighs 8. But until Karen was actually born, we didn't know how severely 9 affected 10 it was going to be.
When Karen was born, it was clear he did indeed have Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.
Within a few hours of the birth, Karen had to have surgery to have the bowel that was on the outside of the abdomen basically put back inside repaired. Karen also had surgery to reduce the size of his tongue. And every few months, he has scans to check for tumors.
Good boy, Karen, you're a very, very good boy indeed.
Cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome caught the attention of Wolf Reik. Wolf Reik worked in developmental genetics. He was fascinated by this emerging epigenetic ghost world. He wanted to know what could throw the switches on or off. To his surprise, he found that simply placing a mouse embryo 11 in a culture dish could trigger genes 12 to switch off.
New Words & Phrases:
IVF: IVF is a method of helping 13 a woman to have a baby in which an egg is removed from one of her ovaries, fertilized 14 outside her body, and then replaced in her womb. IVF is an abbreviation for `in vitro fertilization'. 试管受精
protrude 15 : If something protrudes 16 from somewhere, it sticks out. 伸出,突出
thigh 7: Your thighs are the top parts of your legs, between your knees and your hips 17. 大腿
embryo: An embryo is an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development. 胚芽;胚胎
- DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
- Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
- A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
- The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
- How to know to there is ascarid inside abdomen?怎样知道肚子里面有蛔虫？
- He was anxious about an off-and-on pain the abdomen.他因时隐时现的腹痛而焦虑。
- Irritable bowel syndrome seems to affect more women than men.女性比男性更易患肠易激综合征。
- Have you had a bowel movement today?你今天有排便吗？
- The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
- Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
- He hung his coat on a nail protruding from the wall. 他把上衣挂在凸出墙面的一根钉子上。
- There is a protruding shelf over a fireplace. 壁炉上方有个突出的架子。 来自辞典例句
- He is suffering from a strained thigh muscle.他的大腿肌肉拉伤了，疼得很。
- The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
- He's gone to London for skin grafts on his thighs. 他去伦敦做大腿植皮手术了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The water came up to the fisherman's thighs. 水没到了渔夫的大腿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
- He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
- She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
- His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
- They are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
- The project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。
- You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
- The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
- By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
- The study of psychology has recently been widely cross-fertilized by new discoveries in genetics. 心理学研究最近从遗传学的新发现中受益匪浅。
- Flowers are often fertilized by bees as they gather nectar. 花常在蜜蜂采蜜时受粉。
- The tip of her tongue was protruding slightly.她的舌尖微微伸出。
- A huge round mass of smooth rock protruding from the water.一块光滑的巨型圆石露出水面。