时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:60秒科学


英语课

The descendants of longtime urban dwellers 1 show increased genetically 4 driven resistance to tuberculosis 5, due to evolutionary 6 selection pressure over millennia 7. Christopher Intagliata reports


城市长久居住民的后代,经过数千年的自然选择,对结核病的抵抗力更强。


City living has obviously influenced human culture—as have often been noted 8, how you gonna keep ‘em down on the farm after they’ve seen Paree'? But urban life may have also influenced human genes 9, making the descendants of ancient city dwellers more resistant 10 to disease. That's according to a study in the journal Evolution. [Ian Barnes et al., Ancient Urbanisation Predicts Genetic 3 Resistance To Tuberculosis]


The researchers started from the premise 11 that densely 12 populated cities would be good places for infectious diseases, which could spread easily from person to person. That situation should have set up selection pressure for the ability to survive such infections.


The scientists sampled the DNA 13 of 17 populations from Africa, Asia and Europe, including longtime urbanites—like Italians, Turks and Iranians—and traditionally rural or nomadic 14 groups, like Malawians or the Saami people of northern Scandinavia.


Then the researchers zeroed in on a gene 2 variant 15 that offers protection against diseases like tuberculosis or leprosy. After controlling for any shared ancestry 16 between the groups, they indeed found that the protective gene was significantly more common in cultures with a long history of urban settlement. Which may be some comfort next time someone's sneezing near you on the subway.


—Christopher Intagliata

 



1 dwellers
n.居民,居住者( dweller的名词复数 )
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 gene
n.遗传因子,基因
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
3 genetic
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
4 genetically
adv.遗传上
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
5 tuberculosis
n.结核病,肺结核
  • People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
  • Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。
6 evolutionary
adj.进化的;演化的,演变的;[生]进化论的
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
7 millennia
n.一千年,千禧年
  • For two millennia, exogamy was a major transgression for Jews. 两千年来,异族通婚一直是犹太人的一大禁忌。
  • In the course of millennia, the dinosaurs died out. 在几千年的时间里,恐龙逐渐死绝了。
8 noted
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
9 genes
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
10 resistant
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
11 premise
n.前提;v.提论,预述
  • Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
  • We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。
12 densely
ad.密集地;浓厚地
  • A grove of trees shadowed the house densely. 树丛把这幢房子遮蔽得很密实。
  • We passed through miles of densely wooded country. 我们穿过好几英里茂密的林地。
13 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
14 nomadic
adj.流浪的;游牧的
  • This tribe still live a nomadic life.这个民族仍然过着游牧生活。
  • The plowing culture and the nomadic culture are two traditional principal cultures in China.农耕文化与游牧文化是我国传统的两大主体文化。
15 variant
adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体
  • We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段,提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
  • In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种,是数据驱动的测试。
16 ancestry
n.祖先,家世
  • Their ancestry settled the land in 1856.他们的祖辈1856年在这块土地上定居下来。
  • He is an American of French ancestry.他是法国血统的美国人。
学英语单词
agument transfer instruction
antenna tuning indicator
apogee kick
attaks
balladares
Baud rate
beaten path
binomial array
braided button
centrifugating
cervical polypus
charge generation current
chestnut teal
Cincang, Bukit
colletotrichum boehmeriae
copper spun rotor
corpus amygdaloideum
costimulator
crab-eating foxes
cromn shaft
curb lane
direct display storage unit
dodecaoxide
earth holography
echelle spectroscope
economic zone
eumolpids
Falher
fast response sprinkler technology
final forging temperature
five defective
floor effect
formal isomer
granulomatous mural endocarditis
Greek checks
greenrooms
guide-booky
he-goats
HTML Tag
illustration
initial dose
inorfil
interest revenue
ketziot
Leisach
lot cargo
MARFOR
McCarthy, Eugene Joseph
Mound Valley
mud-rock flow
multi-tubular reactor
Navadel
nname
nonpenalty
one-inning
open-sided
order euphausiaceas
overdusting
particle property
pauperdom
peperoni
perfect circle
periodontal dressing paste
pietrucha
plowed and tongued joint
pneumatic high speed duster
polyethersulfone (pesf)
polymer systems
portable alignment gauge
posteromesal
punch ice cream
radial split
Rauwolfia tetraphylla
re-evacuation
reasonable departure clause
redtwig dogwoods
reserve way
root-bark of tree peony
saloner
sarcoendothelioma
scanning aperture
shoer
skeletal density
SMART system
softsynths
Sospel
stairmaster
standardized file description
strontium -barylite
suspended growth
table of errata
tele irradiation
thiodinee
tomorn
unqualified immunity
vector geometric interpretation
vigourously
vitalie
Wadtracht disease
whip tube
yellowmen
youth-career