时间:2019-02-25 作者:英语课 分类:GRE英语


英语课

   首先要说的是,在阅读教学的研究当中,语言学家们发现,一篇文章中不认识的单词占全文词汇总量的比例只要控制在8%以内,是绝对不会影响到我们对全文任何观点的理解的。基于这一点,我们大家大可不必因为遇到了几个我们完全没见过的奇形怪状的单词而感到头痛和挣扎。因为它们不足以对我们理解文章产生影响。


  但同时,我们在阅读文章的过程中也常常会碰到这样的一种单词,那就是专有名词,尤其是涉及全文主题的专有名词,难道我们就必须一一认识它?答案显然是否定的。什么叫做认识专有名词?从英到汉的翻译叫做认识?还是知道专有名词的特征叫做认识?读者请想想看,我们在阅读理解中有没有遇到过这样的问题提法:What is sedge root? 我想没有,因为这种问法是在问专有名词的翻译。我们遇到的更多是这样的一些问法:According to the passage, which of the following statements about sedge root is true? What can be inferred from the passage about sedge root? 这些问题的提法却是在问专有名词的文中阐述特征。我们再从文章本身对这个问题做出进一步的分析。
  假设原文有这样一句话:Sedge root, a woody fiber 1 that can be easily separated into strands 2, is essential to basketry production. 请问sedge root的中文翻译“莎草的根” 能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目吗?我想很难!真正能够帮助我们解决阅读理解题目的应该是这样的文字a woody fiber (木制纤维)和定语从句中的文字部分can be easily separated into strands (能够轻易地被分割成线)。通过以上的分析,想必大家已经非常清楚地认识到,过去我们拼命去死记硬背专有名词的中文释义是多么愚蠢的行为。因为真正的认识应该是对特征的认识,所以一个专有名词和他的中文释义对我们来说是没有任何意义的,毕竟我们对它们都没有任何的概念。
  最后很多人都说我们可以从上下文中猜出单词的释义,难道真的是这样么? 笔者认为从上下文中猜出单词的释义是不现实的。例如有这样一句话“Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse 3.” 我们是不可能从上下文中猜出supernova的释义“超新星”的。而我们真正能够做到的只是从上下文中猜出单词的特征:supernova是巨大的恒星(massive star),它在进行引力收缩(undergoes gravitational collapse)。于是以后当我们遇到不认识的单词,我们可以再也不用停下来思考单词的释义,也不用费尽思量地去猜所谓的单词的释义,我们需要做的只是静下心来在后面找到单词在文章当中传达的特征就可以。

n.纤维,纤维质
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
n.(线、绳、金属线、毛发等的)股( strand的名词复数 );缕;海洋、湖或河的)岸;(观点、计划、故事等的)部份v.使滞留,使搁浅( strand的第三人称单数 )
  • Twist a length of rope from strands of hemp. 用几股麻搓成了一段绳子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She laced strands into a braid. 她把几股线编织成一根穗带。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
标签: GRE阅读
学英语单词
Adcon-I
additional insured
adjudge sb. to death
adjusting mark
American filter
americanisations
armyworms
Austinburg
basigynia
betting office
board backed laminated plastic
bourbon red(turkey)
Campylorhynchus
cathode ray tube controller
cephalocaudal suture
cerium(iii) tungstate
Chebula
China National Transport-Machinery Import corporation
choletherapy
circular traditional time
cocaine delirium
coefficient of emission
collectivisations
compensating binnacle
compensatory hypertrophy of heart
cuddler
dishrags
DWDI
economics of urban size
EFVC
excitation build-up
family insurance
floating-point basis
forbidden objects
full wrapping machine
fully qualified class name
fully subscribed
fuzzy conditional statement
glass dial
gunpowders
gutierrez
harveyizing
information schema
inoculation theory
input/output area
keep ... ears open
Khanty-Mansiysk
Korshun method
m payment
magnetic tape track
makes a contribution to
Marine expeditionary force
maximum equivalent conductance
mealie-meal
model of symbolic logic
mother's
multi-statement line
multistreaming
needle thermocouple
non-floating axle
non-ventilated machine
nonresident unit
out-weed
passive leader
paying bank
payment in specie
Peromedusae
photo-story
polymyarian
posterior obturator tubercle
preserve area
prevot
Price indexes
protection ratio against switching impulse
Proxigel
quadratic strain
rachitis foetalis annularis
radar bright display equipment
range adjuster
sarcosphere
Sievert's integral
single seed descent
sniffer aircraft
somatotrophic-hormone
special metamorphosis special segment(darlington&la cour 1938)
square-tailed
state agency
stathely
station-taking manoeuvre
strategic arms limitations talks
supertragical
Sǒkmak-ri
tassottis
tenantism
three quarter hard annealing
Trapichito
true relative density
unspecific projection system
wall rubber
willies
win ... way
winning out