时间:2019-02-20 作者:英语课 分类:VOA标准英语2009年(十月)


英语课

By Tom Rivers
London
12 October 2009


Two Americans, Elinor Ostrom and Oliver Williamson, share this year's Nobel Prize in Economics. 


 
A computer screen showing the pictures of Elinor Ostrom, left, and Oliver E. Williamson, at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, 12 Oct 2009
The last award in this year's Nobel series, the Economics Prize, has been awarded to Elinor Ostrom from Indiana University and to Oliver Williamson from the University of California at Berkeley.


The two won for their analysis of how authority is exercised in economic systems and in companies.


Nobel Economics Committee Chairman Bertil Holmlund said their work was enlightening.


"Elinor Ostrom's research has provided novel lessons about the mechanisms 1 that sustain human cooperation," he said. "Oliver Williamson's research has offered new insights on how transaction costs determine the boundaries of the firm. Both laureates have profoundly enhanced our understanding of economic governance."


Williamson developed a theory where business firms can serve as structures to resolve conflicts.


Ostrom's research has focuses on the interaction of people and natural resources and how common property can be successfully managed by those groups using it.


In a phone call press conference in Stockholm, professor Ostrom was asked how she felt about becoming the first woman to win the Nobel Economics Prize since it was first awarded in 1968.


"I had not realized that that was the case until just recently when they called. My first reaction was great surprise and appreciation," said Ostrom. "There are many, many people who have struggled mightily 2 and to be chosen for this prize is a great honor. And I am still a little bit in shock."


Ostrom was also asked about what her research might say about how we deal with the growing problem of global warming.


"A lot of people are now waiting for international negotiations 3 to solve it," said Ostrom. "That again is the presumption 4 that there are public officials who are genius and the rest of us are not. It is going to be important that there is an international agreement, but we can be taking steps at family level, community level, regional level, provincial 5, state, national and there are many steps that have already been taken that are not going to solve it themselves but cumulatively 6 can make a big difference."


Ostrom and Williamson share the $1.4-million prize. They will also receive a gold medal and a diploma from the Swedish king on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death in 1896.   



n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
ad.强烈地;非常地
  • He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet. 他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。
  • This seemed mightily to relieve him. 干完这件事后,他似乎轻松了许多。
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
  • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
  • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
n.推测,可能性,冒昧,放肆,[法律]推定
  • Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
  • I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。
adj.省的,地方的;n.外省人,乡下人
  • City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。
  • Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。
adv.累积地,渐增地
  • Mind has become self-reproducing through man's capacity to transmit experience and its products cumulatively. 通过传递生活经验和积累创造的产品,人类的智慧在不断地进行着自我丰富。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • At first, the drug does no harm, but cumulatively its effects are bad. 这药开始对人没有害处,但连续服用后果就坏了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
学英语单词
air pollution source
anterior tentorial arms
anti-Semite
antimony compounds
Aponogeton
apple dumplings
Arab League
assia
belimbings
Bertram Brockhouse
bioeffect
Bombyliidae
borsal
carries point
circumscriptible
co-uned
collegiate panel
completion status
coupled thermal-nuclear model
custodial sentence
cybervillages
diffraction grating
Dymnamic Host Configuation Protocol
echiodon coheni
electronic typhonic equipment
ergochrysin
extension of a group
Ficus ischnopoda
flory
frontfired
GALEASPIDIFORMES
gastrointestinal forceps
Gayer tests
general instruction to tenders
hand mower
have a sale
hydraulic mill
ilicfemoral ligament
incoming gas
intake conduct
ion ray
iterative computing
killex
LAN card
laography
literary genre
lithia mica
LQ problem
magneto-crystalline
marmor serpertinatum
metzlers
MIME encoding
mixed wet feed
morus alba l. var. skeletoniana schneid.
multi-processing
multifossil range zone
multitasks
Naantali(Nantali)
non-whites
onthophagus (onthophagus) terminatus
Ophthetic
Orion Aggregate
osteoglossids
parapsoriasis maculata enplaques
personal decision analysis
Pilgrim Festivals
power-limitings
prestigiatory
pseudonymously
quickmunch
rapability
raw starter)
red-legged partridges
repliest
return block
revolving-screen washer
roll turning shop
ruffsides
safebreakers
Schumm's test
scour resistance
self-induced magnetic flux
septation
sheet-pile breakwater
shmendrik
short-delay line
single prism spectrograph
sinker plate
slap print
sparra
srta
step to the fore
target droneaircraft
Townville
track shim
trichechidaes
Trifluvians
us jibe
visitours
wauf
wing bay
Withington, Mt.