时间:2019-02-20 作者:英语课 分类:GRE英语


英语课

   比如作者如果写到:“如果我能够把韦氏字典都背完,那我GRE阅读肯定没有问题了。”这句话其实想要表达的问题就是“我的GRE阅读有问题”。


  下面我们来分析下,如何用取非的思想处理GRE阅读考试中的虚拟语气。
  (1) 若在文章中看到虚拟语气,考虑直接取非反义理解,迅速把握作者态度。
  如下面这句话:
  例一:Perhaps, some scientists thought, migrants determine their geographic 1 position on Earth by celestial 2 navigation, almost as human navigators use stars and planets, but this would demand of the animals a fantastic map sense. (选自N0.6题第一套section 1短文章)
  这句话看似很长,翻译成为中文的意思是:“有些科学家认为,就像人类采用恒星和行星来定位一样,候鸟或许也是采用天体的导航才得以确定它们所处的地理位置,但这要求这类动物具有令人难以置信的地图感。”中文读过去都让人头疼。其实我们用虚拟语气取非的思想来处理,其要表达的意思就很简单,对前半句话取非,说白了就是前半句话是行不通的,也就是“migrants cannot determine their geographic position on Earth by celestial navigation。”可以知道作者对这种解释持负评价。
  我们再来看个例子:
  例二:According to natural selection theory, a worker would enhance her fitness—or ability to propagate her genes—by hatching her own eggs in addition to or in place of the queen’s。(选自国内题1993年10月考题section 5短文章)
  这句话也是虚拟语气,我们直接取反理解,作者想要表达的就是 “a worker will not enhance her …”
  运用这种取非的思想我们可以迅速的把握作者的态度,以及作者想要表达的真实意思。就不用先翻译成绕口的中文,再拼命的思索其中的含义,可以有效地为考试争取时间。
  (2) 在题干中看到虚拟语气,大多需要用到取非思想,与之相对应的一种题型是GRE阅读题中常见的一种,叫做“改进型取非题”。看例子之前,先简单解释下什么是“改进型取非题”。很简单,如果题干问“如果一个对象怎样会更好”则是改进型取非题,来看具体的例子:
  例:It can be inferred from the passage that the “first theories” of grazer control mentioned in line 3 would have been more convincing if researchers had been able to(选自NO.6第二套section 1长文章),这是一个典型的改进型取非题题干,问的是第三行第一个理论怎样会更好。
  逻辑思路:既然是改进,原文肯定说到了它的不好之处或者有unless的句子,我们把造成不好的原因取非,就是所要的答案了。
  按照此思路定位原文三行,看到后面有这样一句话“A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae 3。”注意看插入语部分的“but did not prove”,这个就是缺点,取非就是“prove”再看五个选项:
  (A) observe high phytoplankton numbers under natural lake conditions
  (B) discover negative correlations 4 between algae and zooplankton numbers from their field research
  (C) understand the central importance of environmental factors in controlling the growth rates of phytoplankton
  (D) make verifiable correlations of cause and effect between zooplankton and phytoplankton numbers
  (E) invent laboratory techniques that would have allowed them to bypass their field research concerning grazer control
  一眼扫过去就只有一个选项在讲证明,就是D中的verifiable。所以答案选D。很快解完此题。
  (3) 取非的思路除了可以在虚拟语气中使用,还可以在另一种逻辑关系中使用,就是强对比的关系,也就是GRE阅读题中另一种常考题型“强对比互取非题”,其主要特点是:原文中有强对比的双方,题干只问及其中一方,答案是对另一方叙述的取非;或者题干和原文存在强对比要素,如典型的时间要素,答案也是对原文的叙述取非。
  来看个简单的例子,
  例:The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied preindustrial Europe did which of the following?(选自NO.6第三套section 4 长文章)
  思路:在题干中看到了1950’s,第一反应就是要回原文定位,发现原文只讲到了”in the early 1950’s”并没有”before”,这显然就是时间上一个取非的关系,我们把in the early 1950’s干的事情取个非,就是之前干的事情。答案就很好选了,在此不举出来了。
  gre阅读虚拟语气中这个思路很好理解,比如说“我1995年第一次去北京。”很显然,1995年以前我就没有去过北京。这就是时间状语的取非。其它的强对比关系(如处于相对低于空间的事物通常其特点呈强对比;新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强对比;用最高级、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同类事物的特征呈强对比等),相信考生可以一眼看出,

adj.地理学的,地理的
  • The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
adj.天体的;天上的
  • The rosy light yet beamed like a celestial dawn.玫瑰色的红光依然象天上的朝霞一样绚丽。
  • Gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。
n.水藻,海藻
  • Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
  • Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
相互的关系( correlation的名词复数 )
  • One would expect strong and positive correlations between both complexes. 人们往往以为这两个综合体之间有紧密的正相关。
  • The correlations are of unequal value. 这些对应联系的价值并不相同。
标签: GRE阅读
学英语单词
abrupt deceleration vehicle
achromachia
apacked
Auricularia auricula
australian pitcher plants
Avast hauling!
bepuff
beslabbered
buffered filter paper
Bulgarevo
buoyancy curve
cadmium sulphide
Catalpa L.
chrysandiol
Congo floor maggot
DC electric propulsion plant
defilippis
ecomil
eelworms
egg-white protein
engineering geological classification of rock mass
engraftment
eusebia
Evangelista Torricelli
evasion error
exponential expansion
fallopiuss
field-sequential system
fight up to the last ditch
final-year
fotp
geard
get a cold reception
guide block
hangava
hansler
harbo(u)r operational zone
Hemitrichia
heteragraft
high velocity liquid jet machining
high-voltage glow tube
hormone culture-medium
hydnocarpus wightiana bl.
hytners
I fear
illtempered
Indosasa patens
information given in a questionnaire
information retrieval system evaluation
initial steam admission
insoluble solides
irrigated soil
Kinnitty
Kolomonyi
lactic-acid
Lithocarpus
LVTR
magnetohydrodynamic propulsion plant
manganese(iv) silicide
marmalade trees
mattings
mesengium
microvoltmeter
monetizability
nanocavity
Newry Canal
non-zero restriction
oil lubricating system
onishi
optic integrated circuit
pellet mouldings
PGS (program generation system)
plesiotrochus acutangulus
prepacked with grease
prevailing price
prunus mume sieb.et zucc.var.tonsa rehd.
prunus mume var.bungo mak.
purplestreak alstroemeria
rag out
residentiaries
reverse pinocytosis
rizzle
ruscombe
sample grid reference
Sandnessjφen
sandy mushrooms
secondary process
sent out
sound intensity decay
sprawlings
statistical weights
strapped multiresonator circuit
subfraction
Suttsu
the top of
tightness of stitches
top-fired boiler
triangulation balloon
unconquering
unfamiliarity
uredo cryptogrammes
Voidable Civil Act