时间:2019-02-17 作者:英语课 分类:四六级写作指导


英语课

   ?备考英语四级写作应该采用怎样的方法?要知道适合自己的才是最好的。下面是对备考2014年6月英语四级写作的三大建议。


  一、“功能段落”突破CET写作
  “To be or not to be: that is a question.”莎士比亚如是说。冲刺阶段,背模板还是不背?我的答案:背,但绝不是盲目的背。
  整篇背诵模板不是最有效的方法,因为模板的写作思路是固定的,然而很多时候试题的命题思路可能与所背模板思路不同。因此,可能导致“所背非所考”,甚至导致文不对题,生搬硬套。
  但是,无论四六级写作话题如何变化,一般都对应三个或两个汉语提纲。只要按提纲要求去写相应的内容段落,就做到了紧扣主题。历年写作提纲可以总结为六种功能段落:现象描述、危害分析(弊)、原因分析、建议措施、观点阐述(观点的本质为利弊:支持方观点等于分析“利”,反方观点等于分析“弊”)、意义阐述(利)。
  下面,本人结合近年真题展示功能段落内容:
  2011-06:Online Shopping
  1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚
  2.网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题
  3.我的建议
  解析:本次四级对应四个段落分别是:现象、观点(利、弊)和建议。该类作文可以被称之为:观点对比型作文,对比的内容重点在利弊分析上。
  2010-12:How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?
  1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
  2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……
  解析:该题目只有两个提纲:现象和建议,可以添加一个功能段落:原因。这样这篇作文就是“三段论”的形式:提出问题(负面现象描述)、分析问题(原因)、建议措施段。2010年6月CET也属于该种那类型。
  2009-12:Creating a Green Campus
  1. 建设绿色校园很重要
  2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
  3. 为了建设绿色校园,我们应该……
  解析:该段对应提纲如下:意义阐述(即分析:利或好处)、现象描述(解释绿色校园环境之外的因素)、建议措施段。
  综合以上分析,六种功能段落已经涵盖住了以上考试的所有提纲。因此,如果能够掌握住六种功能段落的写作实际就掌握了四六级考试写作考题的最本质特征。那样的话,无论题目如何变化,我们准备都是有的放矢的。反观,死背模板容易导致生搬硬套,甚至文不对题。
  二、写作短期提分方略
  在了解了四六级考试在命题特点的基础上,考生在冲刺阶段最需要准备的是两个内容:思路和表达。思路解决怎么写的问题,表达解决写什么的问题。如果拿到一个作文题目,你知道应该按照什么思路去写,又知道应该写什么表达,这篇作文就已经成功了一半。
  思路点拨:在本人所讲授的基础班、强化班、精品班等不同班型上都曾讲授到现象、原因、建议、利弊、观点分析时的逻辑:“一个中心,四个基本点”。具体内容:“以孩子(学生、事件)为中心,以家长(老师、相关人员)、家庭(学校、管理机构)、社会、法规(道德意识)为基本点”
  试举例说明:以2010年12月真题为例,主题为子女教育话题。谈到子女,必然涉及到家长,孩子和家长组成家庭,千千万万的家庭组成社会,是什么在维护着社会稳定?法规和道德意识。这样我们就找到了可以入手去分析的五个方面:孩子、家长、家庭、社会、法规道德意识。如何使用这五个方面?如分析家长溺爱孩子原因时至少可以从家长意识、家庭结构变化、社会背景角度去分析。
  同理,2010年6月话题为学生英语学习,可从学生自身、教师教学、学校教学政策角度去分析。那么,如果主题不是孩子也不是学生,怎么分析?2011年6月主题为网络购物,分析时就以该事件为中心,可以想到相关人或物(买方:customers/ clients /shoppers; 卖方:online shops/ stores; 中间方:支付宝、淘宝等),其管理机构(政府)、社会背景,相关法规是否健全等。
  “一个中心,四个基本点”的分析逻辑形成一种立体化网状结构,考生运用该思维模式,只要能想到其中两到三点,思路问题即可迎刃而解。建议所有有缘相识与北京新东方课堂、四级写作模板班、四级翻译突破班的童鞋们首先将该思路背诵下来,以备将来可以在考场上灵活应用。
  表达积累:表达分为四个层次:词句段篇。
  其中篇章层面只要按照提纲要求去组织文章即可,因此篇章方面不足为虑。段落方面按照“功能段落”的六种形式去识别,也小菜一碟。
  词和句是表达的基本元素,也是语言质量的根本体现。在新东方教书的这四年中和三次参加四六级考试阅卷的经历中,看过无数学生的作文,深感学生词句方面能力的薄弱。同时结合过往教学中的成功案例,提出冲刺阶段表达积累的高效途径。
  1. 背写:思路+表达。
  很多同学考前也在背,背的滚瓜烂熟,脱口而出,觉得自己水平很牛!上了考场也顺利将文章写了出来,却得了一个很低的分数,为什么?因为单词都拼错了。冲刺阶段,请牢记:口头背诵的再好不等于能够写对。背写是提高写作和翻译唯一,也是最有效的方法。
  那么背写什么内容哪?答案是思路和表达。思路上文中已有论述,遣词和造句的表达方面应该紧密结合功能段落来背诵有效句式和用词。考生不必刻意追求适用难词,但可以将常见词汇稍作替换:如,exceedingly, extremely, intensely替换very;an army of/a great many/a host of 替换 a lot of;advancement 替换 development; positive, favorable, promising 1(有希望的), perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior替换good; give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause; harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, 替think; beneficial, rewarding替换helpful; bear in mind that 替换remember; enjoy, possess 替换have; shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 替换customer表达精彩体现在三个方面:遣词、造句、连贯。大家可以结合以下例文感受这三个方面:
  Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of To Help or Not to Help?. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow 2:
  1. 帮助别人是一种美德
  2. 但是帮助陌生人容易使自己陷入麻烦
  3. 我的看法
  首段阐述意义:In contemporary society, it should be a virtue 3 for individuals to offer help to those who are in need. Without this morality, it is impossible for the society to be named “Harmony”. Apparently 4 enough, it is of great importance/ significance/ value/ benefits for people to help each other, especially in difficulties.
  二段描述负面现象:However, a host of people find it hard or troublesome to offer helps to strangers. We have been frequently informed that(A typical example is that) a warmhearted man --who lends a hand to an old lady—gets himself in trouble. Since helping 5 others may trigger trouble, a few people refuse to offer help timely. And if we let/allow this situation to continue as it is now, we would not know where civilized 6 society will be in the forthcoming future.
  尾段我的看法(或建议):As college students, we should bear in mind this virtue. However, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to support this virtue. In addition, it is suggested that we should offer aid to strangers in a safe way, such as dialing 12o or 110 for help. If we try our utmost to do so, the future of our society/ civilization will be promising, hopeful and rosy 7. (以上范文字数为202词,请自己酌情删减即可)三、冲刺复习安排建议
  总体原则:先背再写、阶段总结、适当模拟。
  先背再写:基础较差同学一定要先背一些东西,然后模仿该作文的思路和表达去写。可以背诵的内容有:本人上课时讲义上要求大家背诵的功能句式和教材相关范文。背写的目的是积累语言表达实力,同时练习书写的公正和优美。建议书写较差的考生买本英语字帖练一下书写,也许你会有意外的惊喜。
  阶段总结:每过一周就要问自己几个问题:所背诵的表达可以用来写什么类型的文章?该类文章的相关词汇或表达有什么?关键词如何避免重复?如果解决不了,请参照讲义上给大家总结的各类功能段落的功能句式和表达。请记住:没有复习,没有巩固。
  适当模拟:在熟练掌握背写了六种功能段落的思路和表达之后,可以结合适当题目在写作中运用所讲所背所总结提分词汇、句式。建议大家能够灵活运用,做到一例多用。如我在多个班上讲过的关于英语学习的话题作文,可以写13次四级考试的作文。
  题目:On English Learning
  提纲:1. 英语学习很重要;2. 英语者所面临的困难;3. 如何学好英语In contemporary world, English learning has gained great popularity and it is of great significance. (主题句) Firstly, based on a survey, a majority of tourists acknowledge that they prefer to speak English when traveling around the world. (调查法表述)Secondly, compared with the poor English speakers, good English-speakers are superior in many ways. (比较模板句式)However, English learners may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in their learning. (主题句) For example, it can be noticed that a large number of students have difficulty memorizing words. Sometimes, it is difficult for them to understand the rules of grammar. In addition, though some are good at reading or writing, they can not express themselves freely in English.
  Then, how to get a good command of (学好) this language? I am convinced that practice makes perfect. Only practice can enable one to speak and write fluently. And it is also through practice that one can master the rules of grammar and remember words, and there is no other way. (强调句式)以上范文灵活改编无限使用应对四级作文。
 

adj.有希望的,有前途的
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
v.吼叫,怒吼;大声发出,大声喝道
  • The music is so loud that we have to bellow at each other to be heard.音乐的声音实在太大,我们只有彼此大声喊叫才能把话听清。
  • After a while,the bull began to bellow in pain.过了一会儿公牛开始痛苦地吼叫。
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
  • An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
a.有教养的,文雅的
  • Racism is abhorrent to a civilized society. 文明社会憎恶种族主义。
  • rising crime in our so-called civilized societies 在我们所谓文明社会中日益增多的犯罪行为
adj.美好的,乐观的,玫瑰色的
  • She got a new job and her life looks rosy.她找到一份新工作,生活看上去很美好。
  • She always takes a rosy view of life.她总是对生活持乐观态度。
标签: 四级 写作
学英语单词
altar-tomb
aluminium alloy sliding or side-hung casement type window
aluminium base grease
annual basis
Arenshausen
asymptoted
battle line
bicephalic femoral muscle
bowen's series
bran dressing
broken-line graph
buble
Bφrgefjell Nasjonalpark
Camellia nitidissima
campaign
check-in
Cheddarhead
Chenopodium rubrum
chi-pao
chibbaro
chief engineer's log
chlorhydric
commission merchant
Compositing Change
confyne
corpora ossis sphenoidalis
corrodibilities
deicing device
delphinium delavayi franch.
dominican mahoganies
easy street,Easy Street
electronic flash generator
eptatretus chinensis
etape
f.hepatica
fast ionic conductor
filtration membrane
genus Genipa
gibberellic acid
government of men
gross pay
Habry
hadly regime
heavy-ion linac
hepatopancreatic duct
hexagonal belt
hookup
hypapophysis
ingens
inline type
intermission
Kechua
largemouthed bass
laser glazing method
Lewis L.
line of profile peaks
longitudinal play
Machupicchu
magnetic link
Microsoft API
milestone
Molisch
monographic
mosaic crystals
moving die
octatonic
officer of the day
one-pip area
oscillatory acceleration
owego
Palouse Falls
panspermists
parting line
peel-off time
phase control apparatus
pockies
polyphyllia talpina
preagitation
quadrilles
radar screens
resolver rotor
rhodoflavin
ritter-oleson(technique)
roller spot-and-seam welding machine
rossington
seleniferous plant (selenophile)
selfoc lenses
senior citizen
shellac bonded wheel
sinoradimella virgata
squab pies
tax-shelter
this matter
todaro
tonsillectomy by guillotine
tropopause invension
Urenui
way-leet
white-picket-fence
wire-grass
woods hole oceanographic institution
X test