万物简史 第221期:把铅撵出去(10)
But there were many technical difficulties to overcome. Holmes also needed—or at least would very much have appreciated—sophisticated gadgetry 1 of a sort that could make very fine measurements from tiny samples, and as we have seen it was all he could do to get a simple adding machine. So it was quite an achievement when in 1946 he was able to announce with some confidence that the Earth was at least three billion years old and possibly rather more. Unfortunately, he now met yet another formidable impediment to acceptance: the conservativeness of his fellow scientists. Although happy to praise his methodology, many maintained that he had found not the age of the Earth but merely the age of the materials from which the Earth had been formed.
但是，有许多技术上的困难需要克服。霍姆斯还需要──至少会很高兴拥有──一种能对细小样品进行精密测量的先进仪器，而我们已经知道，他所能得到的不过是一台简单的加法机。因此，他竟然能在1946年较有把握地宣布，地球至少已经存在30亿年，很可能还要长。这是一项相当了不起的成就。不幸的是，他又一次遇到了巨大的障碍：他的科学界同行们非常保守，对他的成就拒不承认。许多人尽管乐意赞赏他的方法，却认为他得出的不是地球的年龄，而只是组成地球的材料的年龄。
铅的危害
It was just at this time that Harrison Brown of the University of Chicago developed a new method for counting lead isotopes 2 in igneous 3 rocks (which is to say those that were created through heating, as opposed to the laying down of sediments). Realizing that the work would be exceedingly tedious, he assigned it to young Clair Patterson as his dissertation 4 project. Famously he promised Patterson that determining the age of the Earth with his new method would be "duck soup." In fact, it would take years.
就在这个时候，芝加哥大学的哈里森·布朗发明了一种统计火成岩（即通过加热形成的岩石，而不是通过沉积形成的岩石）里铅同位素的新方法。他意识到这项工作相当乏味，便把它交给了年轻的克莱尔·彼得森，作为他的论文项目。他向彼得森保证，以他的新方法来测定地球的年龄会“易如反掌”。实际上，这项工作花了几年时间。
Patterson began work on the project in 1948. Compared with Thomas Midgley's colorful contributions to the march of progress, Patterson's discovery of the age of the Earth feels more than a touch anticlimactic 5.
1948年，彼得森着手从事这个项目。与托马斯·米奇利丰富多彩、不断推动历史前进的贡献相比，彼得森测定地球年龄的工作有点儿平平庸庸的味道。
- His desk is covered with electronic gadgetry. 他的书桌上摆满了各种电子装置。
- Then why not just take back all your fancy gadgetry? 那你怎么不把这堆玩意给我撤了？ 来自电影对白
- the many isotopes of carbon 碳的诸多同位素
- Tritium is one of the mildest radioactive isotopes. 氚是最和缓的放射性同位素之一。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Igneous rocks do not contain fossils.火成岩不含化石。
- The rocks here are igneous and do not fracture along predictable lines.这儿的石头都是火成岩，石头的裂缝极不规则。
- He is currently writing a dissertation on the Somali civil war.他目前正在写一篇关于索马里内战的论文。
- He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation.他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文。
- Everything after the discovery of the murderer was anticlimactic. 找到谋杀者之后，人们对所有事情的兴趣都突减了。
- The conclusion of the movie was anticlimactic. 电影的结局真没劲。