大话啤酒历史
时间：2019-02-16 作者：英语课 分类：英语听力广播—Listening
英语课
The History of BeerOne of the world's oldest stories, The Epic 1 of Gilgamesh, is a lively tale of heroism 2 and sacrifice from ancient Sumer. It also contains one of the earliest references to beer. In the story, a female friend of the hero changes a wild, primitive 3 beast into a cultured human being by giving him seven cups of beer.
In reality, drinking that much beer is more likely to have the opposite effect. Nowadays, it is the beverage 4 of choice among rowdy young people on a Saturday night out, and it has fueled acts of violence and destruction in more than a few societies. It is, nevertheless, the oldest known alcoholic 5 drink in the world and is widely enjoyed.
Fermented 6 beverages 7 made from various types of grain appeared independently in different locations all over the ancient world from Africa to China. The word beer itself comes from a Latin verb meaning "to drink", and the ancient Romans were certainly no strangers to the brew 8. However, because they considered it the drink of barbarians 9 , the Romans generally preferred wine.
In ancient times, people who made beer lacked the means to preserve and filter it properly, so the drink was cloudy and turned bad quickly. It was medieval European monks 10 who introduced scientific brewing 11 techniques in an effort to produce a nutritious 12 beverage to supplement their meager 13 diets.
The monks were not restricted to only brewing the beer, and consumption of it within the monasteries 14 reached astonishing levels. One report from Belgium said that monks were drinking as much as five liters a day. Monastery 15 breweries 16 in Europe also ran their own pubs and enjoyed a tax-free status that came to be resented by the growing merchant class.
As the power and influence of the church declined, the art of brewing became an important commercial activity. Today, beer production is largely a high-tech 17 process in the hands of huge corporations or government monopolies. However, recent years have seen a growth in the popularity of small-scale breweries, reflecting an increasing global demand for quality and variety.
n.史诗，叙事诗；adj.史诗般的，壮丽的
- I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗，而写了这个小故事。
- They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。
n.大无畏精神，英勇
- He received a medal for his heroism.他由于英勇而获得一枚奖章。
- Stories of his heroism resounded through the country.他的英雄故事传遍全国。
adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物
- It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
- His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。
n.(水，酒等之外的)饮料
- The beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
- Beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。
adj.（含）酒精的，由酒精引起的；n.酗酒者
- The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
- Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
v.（使）发酵( ferment的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）激动；骚动；骚扰
- When wine is fermented, it gives off gas. 酒发酵时发出气泡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- His speeches fermented trouble among the workers. 他的演讲在工人中引起骚动。 来自辞典例句
n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )
- laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
- regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例
v.酿造，调制
- Let's brew up some more tea.咱们沏些茶吧。
- The policeman dispelled the crowd lest they should brew trouble.警察驱散人群，因恐他们酿祸。
n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人
- The ancient city of Rome fell under the iron hooves of the barbarians. 古罗马城在蛮族的铁蹄下沦陷了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- It conquered its conquerors, the barbarians. 它战胜了征服者——蛮族。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 )
- The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
- He had been trained rigorously by the monks. 他接受过修道士的严格训练。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.有营养的，营养价值高的
- Fresh vegetables are very nutritious.新鲜蔬菜富于营养。
- Hummingbirds have discovered that nectar and pollen are very nutritious.蜂鸟发现花蜜和花粉是很有营养的。
adj.缺乏的，不足的，瘦的
- He could not support his family on his meager salary.他靠微薄的工资无法养家。
- The two men and the woman grouped about the fire and began their meager meal.两个男人同一个女人围着火，开始吃起少得可怜的午饭。
修道院( monastery的名词复数 )
- In ancient China, there were lots of monasteries. 在古时候，中国有许多寺院。
- The Negev became a religious center with many monasteries and churches. 内格夫成为许多庙宇和教堂的宗教中心。
n.修道院，僧院，寺院
- They found an icon in the monastery.他们在修道院中发现了一个圣像。
- She was appointed the superior of the monastery two years ago.两年前她被任命为这个修道院的院长。
酿造厂，啤酒厂( brewery的名词复数 )
- In some cases, this is desirable, but most breweries prefer lighter-type beers. 在一些情况下，这是很理想的，但是大多数啤酒厂更倾向于生产酒度较低的啤酒。
- Currently, there are 58 breweries producing Snow Beeracross the country. 目前，全国共有58个雪花啤酒厂。