英语听力—环球英语 1241 Shoes of the World

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　　Welcome to Spotlight 1. I’m Adam Navis.
 
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　　And I’m Liz Waid. Spotlight uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
 
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　　How much money would you pay for a pair of shoes? Christopher Michael Shellis is a jewellery designer. He designs beautiful decorations that people can wear around their fingers, necks, or wrists. But recently, he designed a very interesting pair of shoes. The shoes are made of solid gold. They are covered with 2,200 shiny diamonds. Shellis calls the shoes “jewellery you can wear on your feet”. These shoes cost more money than any other shoes in the world - 140,000 Great British Pounds! But so far, no one has bought even one pair.
 
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　　Most people cannot buy expensive shoes like these. And many people do not even want them! But people everywhere DO need shoes. Today’s Spotlight is on shoes. A shoe seems like a simple thing - it just needs to protect a foot from the ground. But there are many different kinds of shoes from all around the world. The history and culture of each place has influenced the design of its shoes. Today, we travel around the world looking at shoes!
 
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　　In the Middle East, religion has influenced shoe design. One popular kind of shoes here are babouches. This design of shoe is a traditional shoe from Morocco. Traditional babouches are made from soft leather. They have a pointed 2 toe. Some have bead 3 decorations or a design made from thin, coloured, thread.
 
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　　So how has religion influenced this shoe design? People worshipping at a mosque 4 must remove their shoes. They may not wear shoes when they enter. So, they want a shoe they can remove easily. Babouches cover most of the foot. But they do not cover the heel, or back of the foot. This makes the shoe easy to put on and to remove. People also like babouches because they do not make a person’s foot too hot. And they are very comfortable.
 
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　　Religion and culture have also influenced the design of shoes in India. The paduka is a very old shoe design there. Experts believe this design is over 4,000 years old! It is a sandal - it does not cover the whole foot. But it goes on the foot easily and keeps it cool.
 
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　　Padukas have a simple design. A Paduka maker 5 cuts a piece of wood into the rough shape of the bottom of a foot. Then, he adds a small knob 6 on the top. This knob is a small round piece of wood. It sits between a person’s first two toes. Under the base of the shoe, there are thin rounded pieces of wood in the back and front. These pieces of wood raise the shoe off the ground.
 
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　　The Hindu religion is common in India. Hindus believe they should not harm any living thing. The design of padukas follows this idea. The area of the shoe that touches the ground is very small. It is less likely to harm the ground under it or any insect around it. Also, padukas are never made from leather - animal skin. Instead, they are always made from wood, ivory 7 or metal. Today, very religious people usually wear padukas. Or people may wear them to a special ceremony or event.
 
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　　Travel with us now to a much colder climate - the country of Finland, in northern Europe. The people here would not wear sandals at all! Instead, the Saami people of Finland wear very warm boots. The Saami people keep and raise reindeer 8. Reindeer are very large animals. They have antlers – long, hard, bones that grow from their heads. The Saami people keep the reindeer for food. But, the reindeer also provide the Saami with the material for their boots!
 
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　　Traditional Saami reindeer boots cover a person’s whole foot. And they may cover some of the leg too. The Saami make these traditional boots from reindeer leather or hair. Reindeer hair is shaped like a tube. It has air inside. This helps keep the reindeer warm. It also means that reindeer boots are very warm! Traditional reindeer boots have a point or a kind of hook 9 at the end - the end of the boot points up.
 
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　　Many cultures have influenced the design of shoes. But shoes also become an important part of a culture. This is the case with klompen from the Netherlands. Each klompen shoe is made from a solid piece of wood. The inside of the shoe is cut out, so a foot can go in it. Many people think of klompen when they think of the Netherlands.
 
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　　The design of klompen shoes is over 800 years old. They were originally the shoe of factory workers. That is because klompen are excellent at protecting feet. They protect feet from sharp objects and harmful liquid acids 10. Today, few people wear klompen as a common shoe. But, people may wear them for working outside. And they are a very popular thing people bring home when they visit the Netherlands!
 
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　　Finally, we travel to the island of Japan. Here, we see geta. Geta are a traditional shoe in Japan. A geta sandal is usually made from wood and cloth. When wearing a geta, a person’s foot sets on a long square of wood. In the middle of the geta there is a cloth that forms a shape like a letter “V”. This cloth comes up in the center of the sandal. It goes between a person’s first and second toes, and then to the middle of the sandal. When a person’s foot is in geta, it is not in the center of the geta. But, this also means each geta - the one for the right foot, and the one for the left foot - looks the same.
 
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　　Under the base of the shoe there are two straight wooden “ha”. This word means “teeth” in the Japanese language. There are ha in the front and in the back. Usually geta are about five centimetres tall. They are a popular shoe for men and women in Japan.
 
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　　It is easy to see how each place and each culture needs their own kind of shoe. Shoes can show the history of a place. But shoes can also just be fun. Many people wear shoes just because they like the way they look! Is there a special kind of shoe in your culture? Did we leave out a kind of shoe you want to hear about? Leave a comment on the script 11 page of this program. We would love to hear about your shoes! Also, visit our website to see pictures of the shoes in today’s program.
 
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　　The writer and producer of this program was Liz Waid. The voices you heard were from the United States. You can find our programs on the internet at http://www.radioEnglish.net This .program is called “Shoes of the World”. We hope you can join us again for the next Spotlight program. Goodbye!