大学英语6级听力20天20分阶段--11-16天

[00:00.00]大学英语6级 听力20天20分 中国对外翻译出版公司

[00:11.18]第 11 天

[00:13.43]Passage One

[00:15.01]Reading newspapers, listening to the radio or watching television

[00:19.10]are three methods of communication that bring daily news to

[00:22.25]millions of people everywhere. They are known as the mass media.

[00:26.54]The main job of a newspaper is to inform us

[00:29.06]about what is going on in the world.

[00:31.27]Newspapers are probably the least entertaining of the media,

[00:34.95]but they are the most informative. The news is gathered by reporters.

[00:39.88]The editor of a newspaper decidfes which items of news to publish

[00:43.65]and which page they will appear on.

[00:45.75]It is his/her job to make sure that the piece is not too long,

[00:49.43]that the story is interesting and that people

[00:51.95]will be able to understand it when they read it.

[00:54.68]TV and radio stations also have reporters.

[00:58.04]They interview people and their interviews are filmed.

[01:01.28]The news editor decides which pieces of film to use in the television news.

[01:06.01]Radio interviews are tape-recorded.

[01:08.64]An important source of world news for the broadcasting media is news agencies.

[01:13.68]There are several worldwide news agencies which employ correspondents

[01:17.25]in different places all over the world to make reports.

[01:20.29]These reports are gathered at the agencies' headquarters

[01:23.54]and then sent overseas by teleprinters.

[01:26.28]One of the most important jobs of the news editors at the radio

[01:29.85]and TV stations is re-writing these reports so that they sound natural

[01:34.77]when the news reader reads them over the air.

[01:38.86]Questions 1 to 4 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[01:42.54]1.What is the least entertaing yet the most informative

[01:46.95]of the mass media according to the passage?

[01:52.20]2.What is NOT the editor of a newspaper's job?

[01:59.13]3.What is an important source of world news for the broadcasting media?

[02:06.57]4.How do the news editors at the radio

[02:10.98]and TV stations differ from those of newspapers?

[02:16.65]Passage Two

[02:17.80]Wilt Chamberlain is retired now, but he used to be a famous basketball player.

[02:23.17]He has set sixty-five different records, and still holds many of them.

[02:27.79]During the final years of his career,

[02:29.98]he drew a large salary and became very wealthy.

[02:32.61]He even built himself a $ 1.5 million house.

[02:35.97]Yet, despite his personal success, he led his teams to only one championship.

[02:41.22]His teams often won enough games to qualify for the final rounds,

[02:45.20]but they almost always lost in the finals.

[02:48.36]As a result, Wilt became determined to

[02:51.29]win one more championship before he retired.

[02:54.13]In 1972, while Wilt was playing against a New York team,

[02:58.22]he fell down and hit his wrist on the floor.

[03:00.54]He felt pain immediately and knew that he had hurt himself badly.

[03:05.05]When a doctor examined Wilt, the doctor confirmed. Wilt's fears.

[03:09.25]The doctor told Wilt that he had broken a bone in the wrist

[03:12.39]and that he could not play any more. Wilt ignored his doctor's advice.

[03:17.64]The next night, with his many fans watching in amazement,

[03:21.73]he not only played the entire game, but he was outstanding.

[03:25.94]His tearn won the game and the championship.

[03:29.09]Wilt had his wish — to be a winner one last time.

[03:33.50]Questions 5 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[03:38.43]5.Why was Wilt Chamberlain considered a famous basketball player?

[03:52.90]6.What happened to Wilt Chamberlain during a match in 1972?

[04:00.25]7.What was Wilt Chamberlain detemined to do before he reetired?

[04:07.40]Passage Three

[04:09.92]Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in their country.

[04:14.64]Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as polio

[04:20.30]and tuberculosis.

[04:22.40]They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease.

[04:27.23]American hospitals are the most modern

[04:30.38]and best-equipped medical facilities in the world.

[04:34.59]But this degree of excellence has been expensive.

[04:38.79]Medical costs in the United States are very high.

[04:43.09]There is no national health plan for Americans,

[04:47.08]yet there are many programs available for this purpose.

[04:51.59]Many people have health plans at the companies where they work.

[04:56.84]Under these plans, the company pays a fixed sum of money regularly into a fund

[05:04.28]Then when the employee needs medical help,

[05:07.76]he can use money from the fund to pay for it.

[05:11.52]Other people have health insurance.

[05:14.26]They pay insurance premiums each month to insurance companies,

[05:19.09]which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed.

[05:23.50]The government has health insurance programs for older people,

[05:27.79]poor people and those with long-term illness.

[05:31.15]These programs make medical care available to those

[05:35.99]without their own health insurance.

[05:39.77]Questions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[05:45.54]8.What have American medical scientists done?

[05:59.04]9.How do Americans pay for health costs?

[06:15.67]10.Who are helped by government health insurance programs?

[06:36.86]第 12 天

[06:39.18]Passage One

[06:41.38]When Iraqi troops blew up hundreds of Kuwaiti oil wells at the end of the Gulf

[06:45.27]War, scientists feared environmental disaster.

[06:49.15]Would black powder in the smoke from the fires circle the globe

[06:52.50]and block out the sun?

[06:54.09]Many said "no way"; rain would wash the black powder from the atmosphere.

[06:58.18]But in America, air- sampling balloons have detected high concentrations

[07:03.00]of particles similar to those collected in Kuwait.

[07:06.57]Now that the fires are out,

[07:08.26]scientists are turning their attention to yet another threat:

[07:12.03]the oil that didn't catch fire.

[07:14.44]It has formed huge lakes in the Kuwaiti desert.

[07:16.87]They trap insects and birds,

[07:19.06]and poison a variety of other desert animals and plants.

[07:22.85]The only good news is that the oil lakes

[07:25.04]have not affected the underground water resources.

[07:28.10]So far, the oil has not been absorbed

[07:30.20]because of the hard sand just below the surface.

[07:33.02]Nothing, however, stops the oil from evaporating.

[07:36.70]The resulting poisonous gases are choking nearby residents.

[07:40.68]Officials are trying to organize a quick cleanup,

[07:43.52]but they're not sure how to do it. One possibility is to burn the oil.

[07:48.56]Get those black powder detectors ready.

[07:51.70]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[07:56.75]1.What were the scientists worried about soon after the Gulf War?

[08:03.89]2.What was the good news for the scientists?

[08:10.71]3.What are the officials trying to do at the moment?

[08:17.43]Passage Two

[08:19.43]Why do we cry? Can you imagine life without tears?

[08:23.40]Not only do tears keep your eyes lubricated, they also contain a

[08:27.23]substance that kills certain bacteria so they can't infect your eyes.

[08:31.15]Give up your tears, and you'll lose this on-the-spot defense.

[08:35.08]Nobody wants to give up the flood of extra tears you produce

[08:39.00]when you get something physical or chemical in your eyes.

[08:41.97]Tears are very good at washing this irritating stuff out.

[08:45.81]Another thing you couldn't do without your tears is cry from joy,

[08:49.45]anger or sadness.

[08:51.50]Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotions,

[08:56.15]and most people say a good cry makes them feel better.

[08:59.70]Many scientists, therefore,

[09:01.57]believe that crying somehow helps us cope with emotional situations.

[09:05.96]Tear researcher, Winifred, is trying to figure out how it happens.

[09:10.89]One possibility he says is that tears discharge certain chemicals from your

[09:15.19]body, chemicals that build up during stress.

[09:17.89]When people talk about crying it out,

[09:20.13]"I think that might actually be what they are doing. " he says.

[09:23.50]If Winifred is right, what do you think

[09:25.73]will happen to people who restrain their tears?

[09:29.01]Boys, for example, cry only about a quarter as often as girls once they

[09:34.04]reach teenage years, and we all cry a lot less now than we did as babies.

[09:40.29]Could it possibly be that we face less stress?

[09:43.27]Maybe we found other ways to deal with it, or maybe we just feel embarrassed.

[09:48.50]Questions 4 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[09:54.29]4.What's the topic discussed in this passage?

[10:08.47]5.What is Winifred trying to find out?

[10:22.75]6.What does the passage say about teenage boys and girls?

[10:37.49]7.What's the difference between human beings

[10:41.22]and other animals when shedding tears?

[10:46.34]Passage Three

[10:48.13]More and more people are becoming obsessed with extreme activities.

[10:51.95]Sports like bungee jumping, sky diving, and mountain climbing

[10:55.77]have captured the interests of many people around the world.

[10:58.95]One of these sports, bungee jumping,spread from New Zealand to other places.

[11:03.99]There are many places where people can pay to have trained professionals

[11:08.00]teach them how to bungee jump and supply them a safe place to do it.

[11:11.81]An elastic cord is tied around a person's ankles,

[11:15.46]then he jumps from a high position, usually a cliff, building or bridge.

[11:20.69]The elastic cord is short enough that it stops the person from hitting the bottom.

[11:26.10]Instead, he will bounce up because of the elastic cord.

[11:30.38]One can tell of the growing popularity of these kinds of extreme sports

[11:35.34]because of the growing number of companies that specialize in

[11:38.88]organizing these activities for the average citizen.

[11:41.86]Another example of people's interest in extreme activities is their fascination

[11:46.72]with survival quests. Many tourist agencies have started to specialize in

[11:51.84]planning trips to isolated areas without any modern conveniences.

[11:56.61]People wonder how it would  be to live without modern luxuries

[12:01.37]and want to try that kind of lifestyle for themselves.

[12:04.73]For those who either can't afford to or prefer to observe,

[12:08.93]they can watch people do these types of things on television shows like Survivor

[12:12.93]and extreme sports exhibitions.

[12:16.47]Questions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[12:20.50]8.Which extreme activity comes from New Zealand?

[12:33.93]9.What is NOT a proper place for people to bungee jump?

[12:49.04]10.What is the reason for the existence of survival quests?

[13:12.18]第 13 天

[13:14.52]Passage One

[13:15.92]For a long time,

[13:17.21]Americans preferred things which were mass produced in factories.

[13:20.77]But recently many Americans have taken up crafts of various kinds.

[13:24.69]They make things out of wood, metal, glass, wax, leather and cloth.

[13:30.55]They usually design the things they make themselves

[13:33.54]and often they sell what they make, too.

[13:35.88]The work of these crafts people has become very good and very popular.

[13:40.18]These people's crafts are sold at craft fairs.

[13:42.88]Such fairs are held in shopping centers or churches.

[13:46.43]At large fairs, several hundred crafts people assemble their works

[13:49.59]for people to admire and buy.

[13:51.65]These fairs are held in public parks or on county grounds.

[13:55.56]Crafts fairs are usually held on weekends when people are free from work

[13:59.86]and looking for things to do.

[14:01.62]The fairs are directed toward families.

[14:03.97]They offer rides and shows for the children to keep them busy

[14:07.23]while the parents look at the crafts.

[14:09.93]People go to craft fairs rather than shopping at stores

[14:13.57]because they look for things that are different and original.

[14:17.78]They also look out for bargains.

[14:20.02]The prices for works of art at craft fairs are usually very reasonable.

[14:25.52]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[14:30.45]1.What do many Americans prefer recently?

[14:44.45]2.Where are craft fairs held? 3.Why do people go to craft fairs?

[15:11.32]Passage Two

[15:13.93]We all scream for water when thirsty.

[15:16.37]But do you know in very hot,dry weather plants also make faint sounds ------

[15:21.69]as if they're crying out for help?

[15:23.45]You see, in a plant's stem there're hundreds of "water pipes"

[15:27.85]that bring water and minerals from the soil all the way up to the leaves.

[15:32.13]As the ground turns dry,

[15:34.38]it becomes harder and harder for the plants to do this.

[15:37.63]In severe droughts, plants have to fight to pull out any water available.

[15:42.68]Scientist Robert Winter has found out that when it is really bad,

[15:48.09]their water pipes snap from the tension like rubber bands.

[15:52.20]When that happens, the whole plant vibrates a little.

[15:55.56]The snapping pipes make noises 10,000 times quieter than a whisper.

[16:00.77]Robert knows that healthy, well-watered plants are quiet.

[16:04.42]He also knows that many insects prefer attacking dry plants

[16:07.78]rather than healthy plants.

[16:09.55]How do the insects know which are healthy plants and which are not?

[16:14.11]Robert thinks that the insects may listen for the plants that cry.

[16:18.04]And then they may buzz in to kill.

[16:21.03]To test his theory, Robert is using a device that can imitate plant cries.

[16:25.96]He attaches it to a quiet, healthy plant so the plant sounds thirsty.

[16:31.29]Then he watches insects to see if they attack more often than usual.

[16:35.40]If he is right, scientists could use the insects' ability against them.

[16:40.61]They could build traps that imitate crying plants.

[16:44.54]So when the insects buzz in to eat, they won't buzz out.

[16:50.04]Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[16:54.79]4.What do plants do when they are thirsty?

[17:08.23]5.What plants do many insects tend to attack?

[17:23.35]6.What could scientists do if Robert's theory proves to be true?

[17:38.56]Passage Three

[17:40.99]The ups and downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan.

[17:44.90]But scientists now know there are very definite patterns

[17:48.36]that almost all people share.

[17:50.04]Even if you've passed some of your "prime",

[17:52.93]you still have other prime years to experience in the future.

[17:56.29]Certain important primes seem to peak later in life.

[18:00.49]When are you smartest? From 18 — 25, according to I. Q. scores;

[18:05.34]but you're wiser and more experienced with increasing age.

[18:08.97]You're sharpest in your 20's; around 30, memory begins to decline,

[18:13.92]particularly your ability to perform mathematical computations.

[18:18.39]But your I. Q. for other tasks climbs. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example,

[18:24.55]is three times as great as when you graduated from college.

[18:28.47]At 60, your brain possesses almost

[18:30.80]four times as much information as it did at 21.

[18:34.54]This trade-off between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologists to

[18:38.65]suggest that "maturity quotients" ( M. Q. ) be adopted for adults.

[18:43.97]When are you happiest?

[18:45.09]You have the best physical sense of yourself from 15 to 24;

[18:49.29]the best professional sense from 40 to 49.

[18:52.54]Before age 24, we believe that our happiest years are yet to come; over 30,

[18:58.34]we believe that they're behind us.

[19:00.94]A National Health Survey agrees; After age 30,

[19:04.67]we "become more realistic and do not view happiness as a goal in itself.

[19:09.81]If we maintain our health, achieve professional and emotional goals,

[19:14.10]and then happiness, we feel, will follow".

[19:17.64]Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[19:22.87]7.According to the passage, what do we know about our life patterns?

[19:39.29]8.Why do scientists suggest that "matur- ity quotients" be adopted for adults?

[19:55.52]9.According to the speaker, when are people happiest?

[20:10.36]10.What is the passage talking about?

[20:36.11]第 14 天

[20:38.81]Passage One

[20:40.22]Romantic gifts are often very hard to pick out.

[20:43.77]These gifts can highly range in price and thought.

[20:46.84]Some people would prefer a thoughtful gift that is inexpensive

[20:50.86]while others value expensive gifts.

[20:53.47]For Americans, standard romantic gifts include flowers, jewelry,

[20:58.04]and candy. These gifts don't take much thought

[21:01.39]because they are commonly recognized romantic gifts.

[21:04.30]However, some people would rather have a present that is personalized

[21:08.39]than one picked from a list of commonly given presents.

[21:11.39]For instance, when giving someone flowers,

[21:14.18]red roses usually signify love and passion.

[21:17.54]If someone wanted to personalize this gift more,

[21:21.37]they would choose the person's favorite flower instead of the customary red roses.

[21:25.85]A thoughtful gift that is sentimental

[21:28.27]can be just as valuable as the most expensive necklace.

[21:32.18]Not only must one take into account a person's taste, the length of the

[21:37.31]relationship also usually determines the kind of gift one gives.

[21:41.24]For example, people who have not been dating for very long

[21:45.15]should stay away from very expensive gifts.

[21:47.86]Expensive gifts tend to suggest a very serious relationship.

[21:52.81]Unless this is the intention of the giver,

[21:55.70]costly presents should be avoided to prevent any misunderstandings

[22:00.46]about the depth of the relationship.

[22:02.98]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[22:07.73]1.Which is NOT a standard romantic gift in American's eyes?

[22:22.47]2.What will a person do if he wnats to personalize a gift more?

[22:37.88]3.What should be taken into account when presenting a gift?

[22:53.45]passage Two

[22:55.41]Nilrikman and others of the halfway research group have done some research

[22:59.61]into the differences between average and good negotiators.

[23:03.52]They found negotiators with good track records

[23:06.61]and studied them in action.

[23:08.28]They compared them with another group of average negotiators

[23:12.48]and found that there was no difference in the time

[23:15.10]that the two groups spent on planning their strategy.

[23:18.84]However, there were some significant differences on other points.

[23:23.21]The average negotiators thought in terms of the present,

[23:27.22]but the good negotiators took a long-term view.

[23:30.40]They made lots of suggestions

[23:32.54]and considered twice the number of the alternatives.

[23:35.90]The average negotiators set their objectives as single points.

[23:40.11]We hope to get two dollars, for example.

[23:43.38]The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of range,

[23:47.29]which they might formulate as "We hope to get two dollars,

[23:52.04]but if we get one dollar and fifty, it will be all right.

[23:55.13]The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons.

[23:59.41]They use a lot of different arguments.

[24:02.13]The good negotiators didn't give many reasons.

[24:05.01]They just repeated the same ones.

[24:08.10]They also did more summarizing and reviewing,

[24:11.27]checking they were understood correctly.

[24:13.97]Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[24:19.11]4.What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?

[24:35.34]5.According to the speaker, what would goood negotiators do?

[24:50.54]6.According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually do?

[25:06.69]Passage Three

[25:09.11]The recent increase in car stealing has alarmed the police who are looking for

[25:13.31]what they now believe must be a well-

[25:15.47]organized gang of professional car thieves.

[25:18.45]Most of the thefts have taken place in the rich residential

[25:22.28]areas round Southwell Park,

[25:24.61]where last week alone 22 car thefts were reported to the local police.

[25:29.37]Of these only one has been found,

[25:31.51]abandoned in Rockinghill Palace Road 20 miles away.

[25:35.70]The others have still not been found except for one

[25:38.88]which had been falsely reported missing.

[25:41.59]The owner later admitted he had forgotten

[25:44.47]where he had parked it a few days before.

[25:47.00]An interesting aspect of the thefts is that nearly all the missing cars

[25:51.29]had been taken from locked garages.

[25:53.81]The owners now admit that they may have left the car doors unlocked,

[25:58.29]but only one owner was not certain whether he had locked the garage door.

[26:02.29]The police had therefore assumed that the gang find it easier to break

[26:06.59]into garages where vehicles are often left unlocked at night

[26:10.22]than into locked cars parked on the roadside in daytime or at night.

[26:14.43]They advise car owners to lock up their cars even

[26:17.42]when they are kept in locked garages.

[26:20.39]Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[26:25.26]7.What has alarmed the police?

[26:38.50]8.How many car thefts were reported last week?

[26:53.15]9.Why was one car falsely reported missing?

[27:07.61]10.What did the police advise car owners to do?

[27:38.02]第 15 天

[27:43.06]Passage One

[27:44.47]Many people get very excited when they go flying for the first time.

[27:48.84]Their reactions can vary from extreme anxiety to high expectations.

[27:52.95]Flying is very different from taking a train, bus or car.

[27:56.79]First time flyers experience many new things when they go on their first flight

[28:02.28]The process for checking in at the airport is much more complicated than

[28:05.73]when you get onto a bus or train.

[28:08.35]They will notice that security is much stricter.

[28:11.34]Very busy airports often have lots of shops

[28:14.60]and restaurants to entertain people while they are waiting.

[28:17.78]Once the passengers get onto the airplane,

[28:20.20]they find their seats and wait for the take-off.

[28:22.90]Before take-off, the flight attendant

[28:25.23]will go over what to do in case of an emergency.

[28:28.60]This can cause some fear in those who are nervous about flying,

[28:32.15]since it reminds them of the worst case.

[28:35.22]Next comes the take- off, which is very exciting

[28:38.20]because one can look out of the window

[28:39.97]and see the ground gradually disappear from view.

[28:43.15]Flights can vary from very short, an hour or so, or very long,

[28:47.25]up to 10 and 12 hours.

[28:49.68]Meals and movies are usually provided for the longer flights in all classes.

[28:54.54]Last, the landing is once again another exciting moment,

[28:59.47]because you can see the city you are flying into high from the sky.

[29:04.80]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[29:09.75]1.What is the reaction of people when they go flying for the first time?

[29:25.32]2.What is the first new thing

[29:27.94]for first time flyers to experience?

[29:40.63]3.Why is landi ng so exciting?

[29:53.79]Passage Two

[29:55.56]The piano and violin are girls' instruments.

[29:59.09]Drums and trumpets are for boys.

[30:02.55]According to psychologists Susan O'neil and Michael Bottome,

[30:06.19]children have very clear ideas about

[30:08.98]which musical instruments they should play.

[30:11.60]They found that despite the best efforts of teachers,

[30:15.34]these ideas have changed very little over the past decade.

[30:18.97]They interviewed 153 children, aged between 9 and 11,

[30:24.76]from schools in northwest England.

[30:26.54]They asked them, to identify four musical instruments and then to say

[30:32.13]which they would like to play most and which they would least like to play.

[30:36.33]They also asked the children for their views on whether boys or girls

[30:40.43]should not play any of the four instruments.

[30:43.61]The piano and violin were both ranked more favorably by girls than by boys,

[30:49.95]while boys prefer the drums and trumpets.

[30:52.38]There was broad agreement between boys and girls on

[30:55.45]which instruments each sex should play and the reasons varied.

[30:59.84]And while almost half of all boys said they avoid certain instruments

[31:04.51]because they were too difficult to play.

[31:06.55]Only 15 percent of girls gave that as a reason.

[31:10.56]Earlier studies indicated that very young school children aged between 5 and 7,

[31:15.89]showed no bias in choosing musical instruments.

[31:18.87]But their tastes become clearer between the ages of 8 and 10.

[31:23.26]One survey of 78 teachers suggested that after that age,

[31:27.93]both boys and girls begin to restrict themselves to the

[31:30.90]so-called male or female instruments.

[31:34.74]Questions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[31:39.50]4.Why did Susan and Michael interview children aged between 9 and 11?

[31:55.72]5.Why do so many of the boys avoid certain instruments?

[32:10.56]6.Which group of children have a bias when choosing musical instruments?

[32:27.72]Passage Three

[32:30.15]I'm sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock

[32:33.88]before you came to class today.

[32:35.84]Watches and clocks seem as much a part of our life as breathing or eating.

[32:40.97]And yet did you know that watches and

[32:44.52]clocks were scarce in the United States until the 1850's? In the late 1700's,

[32:49.65]people didn't know the exact time unless they were near a clock.

[32:53.86]Those delightful clocks in the squares

[32:56.18]of European towns were built for the public.

[32:59.36]After all, most citizens simply couldn't afford a personal timepiece.

[33:04.21]In the 1800's in Europe and the United States,

[33:07.94]the main purpose of a watch, which by the way was attached to a gold chain,

[33:12.14]was to show others how wealthy you were.

[33:15.13]The word "wrist watch" didn't even

[33:17.19]enter the English language until nearly 1900.

[33:20.36]By then the rapid pace of the industrialization in the United States

[33:24.93]meant that measuring time had become essential.

[33:27.81]How could the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she

[33:31.93]knew exactly what time it was?

[33:34.25]Since the efficiency was now measured by how fast the job was done,

[33:38.36]everyone was interested in time.

[33:40.97]And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large

[33:45.74]quantities of goods, watches became fairly inexpensive.

[33:50.31]Furthermore, electric light kept factories going around the clock.

[33:55.15]Being "on time" had entered the language and life of every citizen.

[34:00.75]Questions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[34:05.23]7.What does the speaker mainly discuss?

[34:18.57]8.What was true about watches before the 1850's?

[34:34.25]9.According to the passage, why did some people wear watches in the 1800's?

[34:50.49]10.What effect did industrialization have on watch-making?

[35:13.81]第 16 天

[35:16.61]Passage One

[35:18.56]Since I took office I've done everything

[35:21.28]in my power to protect our children from harm.

[35:24.45]We've worked to make their streets and their schools safer,

[35:28.00]to give them something positive to do after school

[35:30.61]and before their parents get home.

[35:32.56]We've worked to teach our children that drugs are dangerous,

[35:35.74]illegal and wrong.

[35:37.22]Today, I want to talk to you about the historic opportunity

[35:41.43]we now have to protect our nation's children

[35:44.70]from an even more deadly threat: smoking.

[35:47.95]Smoking kills more people every day than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents,

[35:54.20]murders, suicides, drugs and fires combined.

[36:00.00]Nearly 90 percent of those smokers lit their first cigarette before they turned 18

[36:06.25]Consider this: 3, 000 children start to smoke every day illegally,

[36:12.31]and 1, 000 of them will die sooner because of it.

[36:15.94]This is a national tragedy that every American should be

[36:19.50]honor-bound to help prevent.

[36:22.29]For more than five years we've worked to stop our children from smoking before

[36:26.21]they start, launching a nationwide campaign to educate them

[36:30.60]about the dangers of smoking, to reduce their access to tobacco products,

[36:34.52]and to severely restrict tobacco companies from

[36:37.79]advertising to young people. If we do these,

[36:41.61]we'll cut teen smoking by almost half over the next five years.

[36:46.09]That means if we act now, we have it in our power to stop 3 million children

[36:52.06]from smoking----and to save a million lives as a result.

[36:56.72]Questions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[37:01.01]1.According to the speaker,

[37:03.91]what is the more important thing we have to do for the children?

[37:12.68]2.Which of the four choices has NOT been done to stop the children form smoking?

[37:22.37]3.Which is the best title for this passage?

[37:30.69]Passage Two

[37:31.70]What kind of car will we be driving by the year 2010?

[37:35.34]Rather different from the type we know today.

[37:38.43]With the next decade bringing greater change than the past 50 years,

[37:42.90]the people who will be designing the models of tomorrow

[37:45.79]believe that environmental problems may well

[37:48.31]accelerate the pace of the car's development.

[37:51.11]The vision is that of a machine with 3 wheels instead of 4, electrically-powered,

[37:57.27]environmentally clean and able to drive itself along intelligent roads,

[38:01.37]equipped with built- in power supplies.

[38:04.36]Future cars will pick up fuel during long journeys from a power source built

[38:08.85]into the road or stored in small quantities for traveling in the city.

[38:13.60]Instead of today's seating arrangement two in front, two or three behind,

[38:18.18]all facing forward, the 2010 car will have an interior with adults

[38:23.39]and children in a family circle.

[38:25.27]This view of the future car is based on a much more

[38:28.54]sophisticated road system.

[38:30.87]Cars will be automatically controlled by a computer.

[38:34.22]All the driver will have to do is say

[38:36.18]where to go and the computer will do the rest.

[38:40.20]It will become impossible for cars to crash into one another.

[38:44.40]The technology already exists for the car to become a true automobile.

[38:49.25]Questions 4 to 7 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[38:54.18]4.What is the designer's vision of the cars of tomorrow?

[39:02.30]5.What else does the passage tell us about the future cars?

[39:09.50]6.What is the seating arrangement for future cars?

[39:16.12]7.What is the only thing the driver of the future car has to do?

[39:24.97]Passage Three

[39:27.12]After graduation, many American students postpone finding jobs.

[39:31.52]They stay at the university and work for a higher degree.

[39:34.86]Other students take a job for a few years.

[39:37.86]They then quit and resume studying at the university.

[39:41.40]These students work to earn higher degrees: a master's or a doctorate.

[39:46.63]They are called graduate students.

[39:48.50]Graduate students specialize in a particular field of study.

[39:52.50]They study to become experts in this field and to learn new

[39:55.86]advances in their fields while they earn an M. A. or Ph. D.

[40:01.19]They hope that when they earn their graduate degrees they will succeed in

[40:05.48]finding important jobs that are interesting and high paying.

[40:08.93]The life of a graduate student is often difficult.

[40:12.85]They are usually too busy studying to make a good living.

[40:16.57]Often they have to pay high tuition fees for their education.

[40:20.59]In today's world,

[40:21.79]most graduate students don't regret spending time with their studies.

[40:26.46]They find that things are changing very fast.

[40:29.27]New developments are occurring in all fields.

[40:32.25]For many, graduate study has become a necessity.

[40:36.27]Questions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.

[40:40.84]8.What degree do graduate students work to earn?

[40:46.88]9.Why do people go to graduate school?