考研英语易混淆词汇比较记忆(九)
bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex
这一组词都有"迷惑"的意思。
bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。
He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。
When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。
puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。
Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。
confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。
He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。
embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。
Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。
perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。
The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。
blame, condemn 1, reproach, scold
这一组动词都有"责怪"的意思。
blame v.责怪，把……归咎于。
You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。
condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。
The wife condemned 2 her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。
reproach v. (书面语)责备，表示不满。
His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。
scold v.责骂，训斥。
blunder, error, mistake
这一组词都表示"错误"。
blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。
I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。
error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。
The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。
mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。
I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。
brittle 3, fragile, frail 4, crisp, invalid 5
这一组形容词都有"弱"的意思。
brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。 frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。
crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
crisp biscuit松脆的饼干
The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
boundary, border, frontier, rim 6, verge 7
这几个名词都有"边界"的意思。
boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。
The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。
border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。
We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。
frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为"未开发的领域"，"(学术的)前沿"等。
The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。
She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。
rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。
verge n. (道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为"某事即将发生之际"。
on the verge of war战争爆发之际
brief, concise 8, curt 9, succinct 10
这一组形容词都有"简短的"意思。
brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。
concise a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent 11 to the job.他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
succinct summary of the argument论点的概要
bush, shrub 12, jungle
这一组词均与树木有关。
bush n.矮树丛。
shrub n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。
jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。
certify 13, rectify 14, testify, verify
这是一组形近易混词。
certify v.证明，声称是真的。
He certified 15 it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。
rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。
He rectified 16 the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。
testify v. (在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。
He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。
verify v. (用事实)证实或核实。
I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。
compel, constrain 17, force, oblige
这一组动词都有"强迫"的意思。
compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事；有时也表示"别无办法，不得不做"。
His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。
constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。
As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained 18 by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。
force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。
The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。
oblige v. (因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。
We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。
complaint, disorder 19
这两个词都有"疾病"的意思。
complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不满。
a heart complaint心脏病
disorder n. (精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡)；骚乱，动乱；混乱，杂乱。
a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病
complement 20, supplement，append
这三个名词都有"补充"的意思。
complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。
Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry 21 dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。
One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
append n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。
component 22, element, factor, ingredient
这一组名词都有"组成成分"的意思。
component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。
Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。 element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。
The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。
He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。
factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。
Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。
Flour, milk, butter and yeast 23 are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
- Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
- We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。
- The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice.池塘覆盖了一层易碎的冰。
- She gave a brittle laugh.她冷淡地笑了笑。
- Mrs. Warner is already 96 and too frail to live by herself.华纳太太已经九十六岁了，身体虚弱，不便独居。
- She lay in bed looking particularly frail.她躺在床上，看上去特别虚弱。
- He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
- A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。
- The water was even with the rim of the basin.盆里的水与盆边平齐了。
- She looked at him over the rim of her glass.她的目光越过玻璃杯的边沿看着他。
- The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
- She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。
- The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
- I gave a concise answer about this.我对于此事给了一个简要的答复。
- He gave me an extremely curt answer.他对我作了极为草率的答复。
- He rapped out a series of curt commands.他大声发出了一连串简短的命令。
- The last paragraph is a succinct summary.最后这段话概括性很强。
- A succinct style lends vigour to writing.措辞简练使文笔有力。
- The expert made some pertinent comments on the scheme.那专家对规划提出了一些中肯的意见。
- These should guide him to pertinent questions for further study.这些将有助于他进一步研究有关问题。
- There is a small evergreen shrub on the hillside.山腰上有一小块常绿灌木丛。
- Moving a shrub is best done in early spring.移植灌木最好是在初春的时候。
- I can certify to his good character.我可以证明他品德好。
- This swimming certificate is to certify that I can swim one hundred meters.这张游泳证是用以证明我可以游100米远。
- The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
- You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
- Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
- The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。
- I am hopeful this misunderstanding will be rectified very quickly. 我相信这个误会将很快得到纠正。
- That mistake could have been rectified within 28 days. 那个错误原本可以在28天内得以纠正。
- She tried to constrain herself from a cough in class.上课时她竭力忍住不咳嗽。
- The study will examine the factors which constrain local economic growth.这项研究将考查抑制当地经济发展的因素。
- The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服，他觉得不得不接受。
- I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。
- When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
- It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
- The two suggestions complement each other.这两条建议相互补充。
- They oppose each other also complement each other.它们相辅相成。
- Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
- Add a teaspoonful of curry powder.加一茶匙咖喱粉。
- Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
- Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。