时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,论其褒贬,即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。


  (1) 词义有轻重的不同
  例如:表示“打破”的词
  break是最一般的用语,意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。
  crack是出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片。
  crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。
  demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。
  destroy是完全摧毁,使之无法复原。
  shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。
  smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
  又如表示“闪光”的词
  shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。
  glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。
  glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。
  sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。
  (2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同
  在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四个词中:griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程,所包含的范围最广;farming指农业的实践;cultivation指农业物的栽培过程;agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。
  又如在empty,vacant,hollow这组同义词中,它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容:empty可以用来形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等词,表示“空的,一无所有;vacant可以用来形容position,room,house,seat等词表示“没有人占用的,空缺的;hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的。
  3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同
  如“死”就有许多委婉的说法:
  to expire 逝世
  to pass away 与世长辞
  to close (end) one's day 寿终
  to breathe one's last 断气
  to go west 归西天
  to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘
  to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉
  to give up the ghost 见阎王
  to kick the bucket 翘辫子
  to kick up one's heels 蹬腿
  又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法:
  She is having a baby.
  She is expecting.
  She is in the family way.
  She is knitting little booties.
  She is in a delicate condition.
  She is in an interesting condition.
  又如“警察”:
  policeman 正式用语
  cop 美国口语
  bobby 英国口语
  nab 美国俚语

标签: 同义词 翻译
学英语单词
0559
AAMIH
Abegg's rule
antimony-halogen synergism
apparent half-life
average production per well
be sensitive to
biosensors
brinded
buchiid
capillary-height method
cascadeflow
chemiflux
clinopyroxenite
cobrut
combustibility
communications terminals
compensatory hyperhidrosis
control cock
Cortmiton
dailier
degenerate mode
dielectric rod wave-guide
diphylline
distance oneself from
economy of multi plant firm
ectocolon
explosive store
Fargesia utilis
farysia olivacea
flow injection spectrophotometry
fourhanded
fresh urine
gas phase
god of heaven
gray iron casting
hardware blt
high temperature compound
hoseband
hysterosalpingography
immediate execution
inline transfer
inverted bucket trap
iron tapping hole
jumpstyle
junction tetrode transistor
Juta.
kountouris
leucocompounds
liftinglug
loredana
medium-grain
MKSTNG
mortgage facilities
mossycup oaks
motoring offence
Muntinglupa
mutton chop
narduss
neckars
nephropathy
obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
open houses
osteologies
outer franc area
overhead efficience variance
oxophenarsine
parathyrotropic
pepes
pied-a-terre
Pieve di Cadore
piggies-in-the-middle
pneumatic pile driver
position signalling
preventive maintenance scheduling
print document
rambade
recockling cylinder
recoil stopper
reinstallable
REV/MIN
rock-out
rosa banksiae var.lutescens voss.
sand cats
satellite access node
saturated state
shock motion
signal lamp housing
sphenosalpingostaphylinus
sprawlin'
stand surety for someone
strenger
swing round the circle
talk-backs
tracking history exception codes
transition coil
triolocation
turret clock
unstable vibration
verselets
Villarta de San Juan
zero differential overlap