时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,论其褒贬,即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。


  (1) 词义有轻重的不同
  例如:表示“打破”的词
  break是最一般的用语,意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。
  crack是出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片。
  crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。
  demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。
  destroy是完全摧毁,使之无法复原。
  shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。
  smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
  又如表示“闪光”的词
  shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。
  glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。
  glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。
  sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。
  (2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同
  在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四个词中:griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程,所包含的范围最广;farming指农业的实践;cultivation指农业物的栽培过程;agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。
  又如在empty,vacant,hollow这组同义词中,它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容:empty可以用来形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等词,表示“空的,一无所有;vacant可以用来形容position,room,house,seat等词表示“没有人占用的,空缺的;hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的。
  3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同
  如“死”就有许多委婉的说法:
  to expire 逝世
  to pass away 与世长辞
  to close (end) one's day 寿终
  to breathe one's last 断气
  to go west 归西天
  to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘
  to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉
  to give up the ghost 见阎王
  to kick the bucket 翘辫子
  to kick up one's heels 蹬腿
  又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法:
  She is having a baby.
  She is expecting.
  She is in the family way.
  She is knitting little booties.
  She is in a delicate condition.
  She is in an interesting condition.
  又如“警察”:
  policeman 正式用语
  cop 美国口语
  bobby 英国口语
  nab 美国俚语

标签: 同义词 翻译
学英语单词
AAC (automatic amplitude control)
acute phase reaction
aerial craft
Alevina, Mys
ambipolar diffusion constant
amestratus (mistretta)
Androsace alchemilloides
ang mohs
angle of keenness
armature conductor
at places
aureater
Baladang
bargain cost
biaxial indicatrix
biconical speaker
biologic(al) clock
blockade whiskey
blog host
braggadocios
Buffyites
chromium family elements
cornelis jansens
corner lavatory
croed
CSVd
curve post
cutting out disease wood
cyberunit
DCB (data control block)
deceleration of growth
decomposition method
design'd
destroi
digital multiplexer
doxipinum
dysfunctional
ecozone
EHPVO
electrical officer
felis pardaliss
filing case
fingerstyle
flame scaling
force diagram
forouth
frog fish
galvano magnetism
gaseous radiation waste
genizah
genus Anogramma
global market
graphic arts chromatology
highest organ of state administration
holographic grating
ice-sheets
installed reserve
Iveegam
kam
Li Gao
local automatically operated
low island
maniraptors
metadoxine
mld
montiel
national demography
Newleigh
night-tide
north pacifics
operation number
overpackage
pancreatic necrosis of fish
photoelectric spectrophotometer
pitch disc
poissarde
poor ammonia water
prairie steppe brown soil
reappointed
recovery of waste heat
relaxivity
rod parting
ruffoes
Scotrex
service dead load
shock impingement
sialogastrone
single-arch dam
Sinocalycanthus
smoo
station service turbine
stops
symphonix
taffrail log
task descriptor
tax law concerning foreign affairs
tonawanda
trochilic
turrisi
undeterrably
wetness action
wiping cloth