时间:2019-02-05 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法


英语课

   任何语言都有语体之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,还有俚语、公文用语及术语等。文学作品中,作家通过不同的语体来刻画人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻译时,必须审其雅俗,量其轻重,论其褒贬,即要注意同义词之间有不同的语体色彩、使用范围及程度,这样,才能恰如其分地表达原文的精神。


  (1) 词义有轻重的不同
  例如:表示“打破”的词
  break是最一般的用语,意思是经打击或施加压力而破碎。
  crack是出现了裂缝,但还没有变成碎片。
  crush是从外面用力往内或从上往下而压碎。
  demolish是破坏、铲平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。
  destroy是完全摧毁,使之无法复原。
  shatter是突然使一物体粉碎。
  smash旧指由于突如其来的一阵暴力带一声响而彻底粉碎。
  又如表示“闪光”的词
  shine照耀;指光的稳定发射。
  glitter闪光;指光的不稳定发射。
  glare耀眼;表示光的最强度。
  sparkle闪烁;指发射微细的光度。
  (2)词义有范围大小和侧重面的不同
  在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四个词中:griculture指农业科学、农业技术、整个农业生产过程,所包含的范围最广;farming指农业的实践;cultivation指农业物的栽培过程;agronomy指把科学原理运用到农业耕作中去的实践。
  又如在empty,vacant,hollow这组同义词中,它们各自有不同的形容对象和强调的内容:empty可以用来形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等词,表示“空的,一无所有;vacant可以用来形容position,room,house,seat等词表示“没有人占用的,空缺的;hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等词连用,表示“空洞的,虚的,不实的,下陷的。
  3)词义有感情色彩(如憎恶、蔑视、讽刺、诅咒、尊敬、亲昵等等)和语体色彩(如庄严、高雅、古朴、俚语、方言词语、公文用语、委婉词等等)的不同
  如“死”就有许多委婉的说法:
  to expire 逝世
  to pass away 与世长辞
  to close (end) one's day 寿终
  to breathe one's last 断气
  to go west 归西天
  to pay the debt of nature 了结尘缘
  to depart to the world of shadows 命归黄泉
  to give up the ghost 见阎王
  to kick the bucket 翘辫子
  to kick up one's heels 蹬腿
  又如“怀孕”也有许多委婉的说法:
  She is having a baby.
  She is expecting.
  She is in the family way.
  She is knitting little booties.
  She is in a delicate condition.
  She is in an interesting condition.
  又如“警察”:
  policeman 正式用语
  cop 美国口语
  bobby 英国口语
  nab 美国俚语

标签: 同义词 翻译
学英语单词
3-chloropropanonitrile
adwa (adowa)
allelotaxy
Amontons' laws
Aua I.
baboon syndrome(symmetrical allergic contact der-matitis)
bistable optical device
bundled tube system
cakery
capacity curve
cashew
casimir
check lever
chui
circle side shift device
clack cycle
clawlikest
cloud integration
come from behind
confidence ellipsoid
crosstalk ratio
cytherelloidea cingulata
data directed output
Dichloropropene
dihydrophenanthrene
Doruokha
duplication anomaly of gastrointestinal tract
elderest
electron-ray indicator
electroplastic
eye secretion and tears
failure frequency function
family chenopodiaceaes
fenisorex
fiatula in ano
flow chart of data by simulation model
fodder radishes
fondnesses
freshen the ballast
grain tight
high speed vertical miller
humanures
hydroxyl
hypapophysial
impallided
insulation level
intesdity of compression
isocost curve
Issas
Jedlicze
ladder type
land use classification
leaching of nitrate
light microsecond
llgamenta arcuatum pubis
longitudinal fissure
mandator
Mark Moor
meet the draft on presentation
Michell thrust bearing
michelopagurus limatulus
microchemical pollutant
minimum colour acuity
neoatheist
Nervus laryngealis inferior
non incorporation public enterprise
obey orders
order maintenance batch update
pentazyl
persimmon trees
phototropic body
pinares
pisoni
plate work tools
pocket machining
poetry
promontorium
received in full
red-backed shrike
retinic acid
rock-perched terrace
Roman roads
Scotland I.
Sealvar
senatical
sequential form
sinedol
space filtering operation
space plan
ST_finance_the-stock-market
stone-walling
straight-lacedness
sulphur laden gas
teletexts
three phase excitation
toilet-paper
transmission main shaft
two-circuit receiver
use ratio
volt-amps
yellow adipose tissue
Yuluk