非延续性动词的用法特征
时间:2019-02-04 作者:英语课 分类:英语学习方法
英语课
1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
误:He has died 1 for three years。
正:He has been dead 2 for three years。
正:He died three years ago。
正:It is three years since 3 he died。
正:Three years has passed since he died。
(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days。
正:He has been here for five days。
正:He came 4 here five days ago。
正:It is five days since he came here。
正:Five days has passed since he came here。
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
c. 用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
d. 用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until 5/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till..."的句型,意为“直到……才……”。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing 6 the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可以是“时间段”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词);而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:
When we reached 7 London, it was 8 twelve o'clock。(reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away。(be away为延续性动词短语)
6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did 9 you come here?
vbl.死亡,消逝v.死亡,枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 );死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)adj.死亡的,消逝的
- He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。
- He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时,他十分凄凉。
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
- Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
- He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
- He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
- I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
v.动词come的过去式
- I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
- The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
- He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
- She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
n.图画,制图,素描术
- Drawing is my favorite lesson.画图画是我最喜欢的课程。
- The children learn singing,dancing,drawing,and the like in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里学习唱歌、跳舞、画图画等。
v.到达( reach的过去式和过去分词 );联络;伸出手臂,延伸
- An amicable settlement was reached. 已达成和解。
- After much hard bargaining we reached an agreement. 经过一番艰难的讨价还价,我们达成了协议。
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非延续性动词