时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   有很多同学认为,现在研究生考试中不再单独考察语法知识,所以考研复习中就不需要拿本语法书从头到尾看,做题的时候碰到不懂的语法知识时再翻书看看就行了。这种想法对于那些语法基础较弱的同学是完全错误的。即使是语法基础角度较好的同学也应该重视英语语法的复习。今天我们就和同学们一起探讨一下英语当中的非谓语动词。


  一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
  (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
  Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
  这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
  It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
  你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
  (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
  Climbing mountains is interesting.
  爬山很有趣。(经验)
  Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
  在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
  二、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
  (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。例:
  His wish is to buy a luxurious 1 car in the near future.
  他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
  (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。例:
  Our work is serving the people.
  我们的工作是为人民服务。
  〈注〉动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
  (3)分词作表语。
  表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语注解不是"激动”、“高兴”,而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in…,若人/物本身有趣时,就是sb./sth. is interesting。例如:
  interesting使人感到高兴——interested感到高兴的
  exciting令人激动的——excited感到激动的
  delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的
  disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的
  Travelling is interesting but tiring.
  旅行是有趣的,但也是使人疲劳的。
  The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
  如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
  三、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
  英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
  (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。例如:
  They are training these dogs to sniff 2 out drugs.
  他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。
  The radio urged people to contribute to the Red Cross.
  电台要求人们向红十字会捐助。
  (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语。例如:
  I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
  我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
  (3)动名词作介词的宾语。
  几乎所有介词,不管是单个介词还是介词词组,不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否,都可用动名词作其宾语。主要有以下搭配关系:
  A.动词+介词+动名词,例:
  Scientists measure the hardness of a material by comparison 3 with a table of ten well known metals.
  B.名词(形容词,不及物动词)+介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。
  下面是大纲中所列短语中的“to”为介词:(be)contrary to(与……相反),object(objection)to(反对),with a view to(为……起见),(be) opposed to (反对),in contrast to(与……成对比),be used to (习惯于),be exposed to,be dedicated 4 to(致力于),resort to(诉诸于),as to (关于),be accustomed to习惯于,be devoted 5 to献身于,be committed to委身于,react to对……反应,with regard to关于,look forward to期待,contribute to贡献等。
  例:Mr.Brown often wore a heavy coat because he was not used to living in such a cold climate.
  C.动词+副词+介词+动名词
  I look forward to her coming soon.
  我盼望她的早日到来。
  D.形容词(或具有形容词性质的-ed分词)+介词+ing
  It is impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
  他不可能在这样短的时间内完成这项任务。
  E.表示征求意见的“How about…?”,“What about?”,例:
  How about going there?
  去那里怎么样?
  (4)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别。例如:
  forget to do
  忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
  forget doing
  忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

adj.精美而昂贵的;豪华的
  • This is a luxurious car complete with air conditioning and telephone.这是一辆附有空调设备和电话的豪华轿车。
  • The rich man lives in luxurious surroundings.这位富人生活在奢侈的环境中。
vi.嗅…味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视
  • The police used dogs to sniff out the criminals in their hiding - place.警察使用警犬查出了罪犯的藏身地点。
  • When Munchie meets a dog on the beach, they sniff each other for a while.当麦奇在海滩上碰到另一条狗的时候,他们会彼此嗅一会儿。
n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
  • They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
  • This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
标签: 非谓语动词
学英语单词
-acal
2-phenylethanol
aids to navigation radio control
alfassi
all-but-certain
Angelica wilsonii
arteria tympanica posterior
asbestic tile
audiovisual-tactile stimulation
azoic dye
bitchwads
boghead
butterfly bomb
caraway seed
Cheboksary
clericalize
close-up cloud chart
coil transformator
collecter shoe
consumer information processing
cooling chute
coordinate repression
corporacion
CPU cooler
decrypts
deliberate defence
deuterium line radiation
dielectric diode
double filament lamp
down the track
dvorkin
el (elevation)
false gromwells
family bittacidaes
filter-feedings
fishery zone
fosterhood
fruit texture
ganglands
get in on the ground floor
Globigerinacea
holocost
horrendously
Howland I.
hypnopompic hallucination
hypophysiotropic hormone
I lived in California until seventeen
included phloem
integrated switched digital network
international quarantine regulations (iqr)
interrupted fern
iron reduction process
kinetics of chemical change
kolkwitzia amabilis graebn.
laser electroplating
Lilium concolor
list directed firmware
living will code
mach pendulum
main weld
master spirit
multipolarity of gamma decay
non-hydrated
nop-bed
oblege
once-through cooling
osag
packet assembly and disassembly
pagani
passenger quarters
post-tanslational modification
potlatches
prefile
price of lot
prohoc
put ... down to
radioactive indicator method
recoil angle
reinforced brick structure
release ampere-turns
Rosoman
sea sturgeon
seville orange flower
shore patrols
small machine
snibel
soft loans
solar space
specified substandard instrument
stop salary
synthesis map
talk business
tax cost basis
transport protocol data unit
tro-tro
two-axle semitrailer
ultrasonic film thickness gauge
under great excitement
unshuffle interconnection
vvt
welding rate
YHLC