时间:2019-02-01 作者:英语课 分类:考研英语


英语课

   有很多同学认为,现在研究生考试中不再单独考察语法知识,所以考研复习中就不需要拿本语法书从头到尾看,做题的时候碰到不懂的语法知识时再翻书看看就行了。这种想法对于那些语法基础较弱的同学是完全错误的。即使是语法基础角度较好的同学也应该重视英语语法的复习。今天我们就和同学们一起探讨一下英语当中的非谓语动词。


  一、不定式和动名词作主语的区别
  (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
  Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
  这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)
  It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
  你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)
  (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
  Climbing mountains is interesting.
  爬山很有趣。(经验)
  Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.
  在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)
  二、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
  (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。例:
  His wish is to buy a luxurious 1 car in the near future.
  他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
  (2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。例:
  Our work is serving the people.
  我们的工作是为人民服务。
  〈注〉动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
  (3)分词作表语。
  表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语注解不是"激动”、“高兴”,而是“使得激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in…,若人/物本身有趣时,就是sb./sth. is interesting。例如:
  interesting使人感到高兴——interested感到高兴的
  exciting令人激动的——excited感到激动的
  delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的
  disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的
  Travelling is interesting but tiring.
  旅行是有趣的,但也是使人疲劳的。
  The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
  如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
  三、不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
  英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:
  (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。例如:
  They are training these dogs to sniff 2 out drugs.
  他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。
  The radio urged people to contribute to the Red Cross.
  电台要求人们向红十字会捐助。
  (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语。例如:
  I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
  我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
  (3)动名词作介词的宾语。
  几乎所有介词,不管是单个介词还是介词词组,不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否,都可用动名词作其宾语。主要有以下搭配关系:
  A.动词+介词+动名词,例:
  Scientists measure the hardness of a material by comparison 3 with a table of ten well known metals.
  B.名词(形容词,不及物动词)+介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。
  下面是大纲中所列短语中的“to”为介词:(be)contrary to(与……相反),object(objection)to(反对),with a view to(为……起见),(be) opposed to (反对),in contrast to(与……成对比),be used to (习惯于),be exposed to,be dedicated 4 to(致力于),resort to(诉诸于),as to (关于),be accustomed to习惯于,be devoted 5 to献身于,be committed to委身于,react to对……反应,with regard to关于,look forward to期待,contribute to贡献等。
  例:Mr.Brown often wore a heavy coat because he was not used to living in such a cold climate.
  C.动词+副词+介词+动名词
  I look forward to her coming soon.
  我盼望她的早日到来。
  D.形容词(或具有形容词性质的-ed分词)+介词+ing
  It is impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time.
  他不可能在这样短的时间内完成这项任务。
  E.表示征求意见的“How about…?”,“What about?”,例:
  How about going there?
  去那里怎么样?
  (4)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别。例如:
  forget to do
  忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
  forget doing
  忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)

adj.精美而昂贵的;豪华的
  • This is a luxurious car complete with air conditioning and telephone.这是一辆附有空调设备和电话的豪华轿车。
  • The rich man lives in luxurious surroundings.这位富人生活在奢侈的环境中。
vi.嗅…味道;抽鼻涕;对嗤之以鼻,蔑视
  • The police used dogs to sniff out the criminals in their hiding - place.警察使用警犬查出了罪犯的藏身地点。
  • When Munchie meets a dog on the beach, they sniff each other for a while.当麦奇在海滩上碰到另一条狗的时候,他们会彼此嗅一会儿。
n.比较,对照;比拟,比喻
  • They make a comparison of New York to a beehive.他们把纽约比作一个蜂巢。
  • This dress is really cheaper by comparison.比较起来,这件衣服确实便宜。
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
  • He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
adj.忠诚的,忠实的,热心的,献身于...的
  • He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
标签: 非谓语动词
学英语单词
accreditate
acrosomic system
Adderbury
Alpenrhein River
ass fuck
back in time
bank annuities
bedroom town
BIOSes
bur oaks
Camellia assamica
capillaropathy
cash surrender
cellomics
coded converter
congealation
cortiral
crankcase conditioning oil
cranked coil
cress green
deglobalized
Denison gauge
detail printing
Dublovice
Dunbaria rotundifolia
dynamic region area
embossed candle
endogenous development
Fanno line
fantad
femoral pulse
financial instruments
flying shore
forestry ranger
freshet period
fuck ya
group transfer
hexagon-headed bolt
historical-cost rules
Hoanh Mo
hypoelliptic operator
infrared locator
inspiratory resistance
is on the ball
Ivolândia
job sites
joint seam
Kerch
land-of-sight coverage
leading truck
leen
long-bodied type
maler kotla
mesophilic range
minimum separabile
moiff
monochromators
Morison
mulsannes
nonmedieval
o.e.d
Orepuki
other day evening
outer waterway
overqualifications
phelp
Pitkyarantskiy Rayon
pogroist
political contribution
pool halls
porous microbeads support
position independent program
post office network list
premonstrations
produce a war
pyramidal decussation
rainfall intensity frequency curve
raynard
re-collect
retinoblastoma protein
roll crushing mill
seasonal arima models
semi-sentence
spring grinding machine
spud for anti-slip
takrouri
Tarenna acutisepala
tenth-normal
threewheeler
to need
toleranced taper method
triple correlation coefficient
uncomparatively
unpermeable seam
url submission
value of re-export
villanella
Volkmann's paralysis
watch yourself
Windows Registry
wipe one's boots on
zuni icosahedron