GRE考试填空中各种题型的答题技巧
英语课
GRE句子填空对很多同学来说都是难点所在。小编在此与大家分享GRE考试填空中各种题型的答题技巧,希望对各位备考2015年的新GRE填空有所帮助。
按题型进行新GRE填空突破。新GRE填空题型分为两种,一种是2-3个空,各3个选项;另一种是1个空,5个选项。新GRE填空题相当于短阅读,不仅测试的是考生对词汇的精确理解和辨析能力,更重要的是要考察考生对句子结构的把握和对逻辑关系的推断,从这方面出发掌握GRE填空技巧。
(1) 单空单选:
这种题目跟现行的句子填空类型完全一样,且限定题干只有一个空格,答案为五个选项中选择一个符合空格的正确选项。例1:Far from viewing Jefferson as a skeptical 1 but enlightened intellectual, historians of the 1960’s portrayed 2 him as ______ thinker, eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring 3 ideas he did not like.
an adventurous 4
a doctrinaire 5
an eclectic
a judicious 6
a cynical 7
此题解答有两种途径,一是从Far from体现的转折关系入手,空格应该体现和skeptical but enlightened的含义相反的意思,故a doctrinaire符合要求;一是从eager to…入手,空格应该体现“渴望给年轻人灌输政治正统思想”的意思,答案仍然是“教条主义者”。
显然,单空单选题的解方法是我们所熟悉和了解的,即从阅读和逻辑分析的角度入手,分析与空格相关的内容或者逻辑关系,从而推断空格所填词汇的含义或者感情色彩等。一般来说,当题目只有一个空格的时候,题目的难度不会很大,因为单一的逻辑关系比较容易辨别和推断,对考生而言,障碍仅仅在句子阅读和词汇的选择上。
(2) 单空双选:
这类题目在单空单选的基础上增加了一个选项,即每题一共有6个候选答案,但是要求考生选出两个符合空格要求的正确答案。很显然,被选出的答案应该是一组同义词或近义词,甚至是两个意思接近或感情色彩相同的词汇。例2:A restaurant’s menu is generally reflected in its décor; however, despite this restaurant’s ______ appearance it is pedestrian in the menu it offers.
A. elegant B. tawdry C. modern D. traditional E. conventional F. chic 8
此题解答过程并不复杂,首先“despite”体现了对比转折的逻辑关系,因此空格要体现出和“pedestrian(一般的,平淡的)”相对的含义,因此A和F为正确答案。
单空双选题和单空单选题在解答的思路上基本类似,唯一的差别在于单空双选题还需要进行一次同义词辨析。那么,是否存在这样的可能,即直接看选项来选择一组同义词就是正确答案的呢?笔者认为,从ETS的命题思路来看,这样的情况几乎不可能出现,因为ETS在填空题中不可能孤立地测试词汇,而一定是以逻辑测试为主体的。如果直接通过词汇判断就能解答题目的话,那ETS综合测试词汇应用和逻辑应用的目的就不可能达到了。正如例2中一样,如果单纯考虑同义词,D和E也是可以的,但是它们不符合句子中的逻辑关系,所以不能成为正确答案。
(3) 多空多选:
这类题目是在现行句子填空中的双空题基础上改编而来的,但是和现行考试的题目相比,多空多组选题目的句子更长,所给的提示信息更多,逻辑关系更加容易判断。但是,由于选项被独立分组设置,空格之间的组合情况变得更多,所以考生在选择答案的时候难度显然增大了。
例3:There has been much hand-writing about how unprepared American students are for college. Graff reverses this perspective, suggesting that colleges are unprepared for students. In his analysis, the university culture is largely (i)______ entering students because academic culture fails to make connections to the kinds of arguments and cultural references that students grasp. Understandably, many students view academic life as (ii)______ ritual.
Blank (i)
primed for
opaque 9 to
essential for
Blank (ii)
an arcane 10
a laudable
painstaking 11
此题两个空格是孤立的,可以分别通过与各自相关的逻辑关系来进行推断。空格(i)可以通过第一、二句话的描述来进行推断,同时也可以用“because academic culture fails to make connections to the kinds of arguments and cultural references that students grasp”进行推断,表示的是对学生来说“unprepared”的意思,即负面的评价,所以答案为“opaque to”。同理,空格(ii)也要表明学生对学术生活“不理解”的态度,因此答案为“an arcane(known or knowable only to the initiate)”。 例4:Most artists maintain an attitude of (i)______ toward their own work. They know, better than any critic would know, how their art (ii)______ their ambitions. The artist would demand of his admirer, Do you really think this is the best I am capable of? Henri Cartier-Bresson’s dismissal of his life’s work in photography, however, is (iii)______: it seems almost contempt, or even hatred 12, not just for his achievement but for the medium itself.
Blank (i)
extraordinary hubris 13
irremediable disdain 14;
healthy disrespect
Blank (ii)
falls far short of
eventually transcends 15
subtly realizes
Blank (iii)
entirely 16 comprehension
at another level altogether
at odds 17 with his achievement
此题为包含三个空格,但是和例3不同的是它的空格不再是孤立的,而是存在相互的逻辑关系。首先从空格(ii)后的句子可以看出,艺术家对自己的能力是不确定的,是怀疑的,所以空格(ii)应该体现出对“ambitions”的不确信和怀疑,即负面动作。因此,空格(ii)答案为“falls far short of”。此时,空格(i)应该和空格(ii)体现同样的含义,即“对自己的能力缺乏信心”,因此“healthy disrespect”为正确答案。空格(iii)则是相对孤立的,由它前面的“however”可以看出,空格(iii)要体现和前面两个空格相对的含义,所以“at another level altogether”为正确答案。
由上述两个例子可以看出,对于多空多选这样的题目类型,我们在处理的时候更需要关注逻辑关系,其中包括空格和已有成分的逻辑关系,以及空格与空格之间的逻辑关系。
而这些逻辑关系可能通过某些连接词来体现,也可能通过语义场来体现。这一类型题目和现行的GRE填空题相比,更加注重对阅读和逻辑推理能力的测试,它需要考生对每个空格都进行判断和推理,而不会出现目前考试中有时候存在的两个空格只看一个就能解题的弊端。
新GRE填空题型所占的比例和老GRE考试相比明显加大,从18%增加到了50%,即28道题目中有14道是句子填空。可见,ETS正试图通过填空这种考察方式,对考生的语言运用、逻辑推理、以及分析能力进行综合考察。
本文针对不同的新GRE填空题型,介绍了相应的解答方法,参加GRE考试的考生,在复习新GRE填空的时候,可以通过掌握这些GRE填空技巧,提高自己的解题正确率。
adj.怀疑的,多疑的
- Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
- Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。
v.画像( portray的过去式和过去分词 );描述;描绘;描画
- Throughout the trial, he portrayed himself as the victim. 在审讯过程中,他始终把自己说成是受害者。
- The author portrayed his father as a vicious drunkard. 作者把他父亲描绘成一个可恶的酒鬼。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
删剪(书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容)( censor的现在分词 )
- Therefore, exhibitors shall not make use of these materials before censoring. 展商在审查前不可使用这些资料。
- The company then said it would end self-censoring search results, putting it at odds with Beijing. 随后该公司表示,将停止自我审查搜索结果,从而与中国政府发生对抗。
adj.爱冒险的;惊心动魄的,惊险的,刺激的
- I was filled with envy at their adventurous lifestyle.我很羨慕他们敢于冒险的生活方式。
- He was predestined to lead an adventurous life.他注定要过冒险的生活。
adj.空论的
- The continuing debate between government and the press has not been much advanced by doctrinaire arguments.政府和新闻界之间不停的辩论,并没有因一些空洞的观点而有所进展。
- He is firm but not doctrinaire.他很坚定但并不教条。
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的
- We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。
- A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。
adj.(对人性或动机)怀疑的,不信世道向善的
- The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.由于困难很大,他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。
- He was cynical that any good could come of democracy.他不相信民主会带来什么好处。
n./adj.别致(的),时髦(的),讲究的
- She bought a chic little hat.她买了一顶别致的小帽子。
- The chic restaurant is patronized by many celebrities.这家时髦的饭店常有名人光顾。
adj.不透光的;不反光的,不传导的;晦涩的
- The windows are of opaque glass.这些窗户装着不透明玻璃。
- Their intentions remained opaque.他们的意图仍然令人费解。
adj.神秘的,秘密的
- The technique at one time was arcane in the minds of most chemists.这种技术在大多数化学家心目中一度是神秘的。
- Until a few months ago few people outside the arcane world of contemporary music had heard of Gorecki.直至几个月前,在现代音乐神秘殿堂之外很少有人听说了戈莱斯基。
adj.苦干的;艰苦的,费力的,刻苦的
- She is not very clever but she is painstaking.她并不很聪明,但肯下苦功夫。
- Through years of our painstaking efforts,we have at last achieved what we have today.大家经过多少年的努力,才取得今天的成绩。
n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨
- He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
- The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
n.傲慢,骄傲
- There is no safety in unlimited technological hubris.在技术方面自以为是会很危险。
- The very hubris of French claims alarmed the other powers.法国贪婪的胃口使其他大国惊恐不安。
n.鄙视,轻视;v.轻视,鄙视,不屑
- Some people disdain labour.有些人轻视劳动。
- A great man should disdain flatterers.伟大的人物应鄙视献媚者。
超出或超越(经验、信念、描写能力等)的范围( transcend的第三人称单数 ); 优于或胜过…
- The chemical dilution technique transcends most of the difficulties. 化学稀释法能克服大部分困难。
- The genius of Shakespeare transcends that of all other English poets. 莎士比亚的才华胜过所有的其他英国诗人。
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
- The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
- His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
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