万物简史 第43期:埃文斯牧师的宇宙(7)
英语课
Interestingly, Zwicky had almost no understanding of why any of this would happen. According to Thorne, "he did not understand the laws of physics well enough to be able to substantiate 1 his ideas." Zwicky's talent was for big ideas. Others—Baade mostly—were left to do the mathematical sweeping 2 up."有意思的是，兹威基几乎不知道这一切发生的原因。据索恩说：“他不大懂物理学定律，因此不能证明他的思想。兹威基的才华是用来考虑大问题的，而收集数据是别人--主要是巴德--的事。”
Zwicky also was the first to recognize that there wasn't nearly enough visible mass in the universe to hold galaxies 3 together and that there must be some other gravitational influence—what we now call dark matter. One thing he failed to see was that if a neutron 4 star shrank enough it would become so dense 5 that even light couldn't escape its immense gravitational pull. You would have a black hole.
兹威基也是第一个认识到，宇宙里的可见物质远远不足以把宇宙连成一片，肯定有某种别的引力影响--就是我们现在所谓的暗物质。有一点他没有注意到，即中子星坍缩得很紧，密度很大，连光也无法摆脱它的巨大引力。这就形成了一个黑洞。
Unfortunately, Zwicky was held in such disdain 6 by most of his colleagues that his ideas attracted almost no notice. When, five years later, the great Robert Oppenheimer turned his attention to neutron stars in a landmark 7 paper, he made not a single reference to any of Zwicky's work even though Zwicky had been working for years on the same problem in an office just down the hall. Zwicky's deductions 8 concerning dark matter wouldn't attract serious attention for nearly four decades. We can only assume that he did a lot of pushups in this period.
不幸的是，他的大多数同事都瞧不起他，因此他的思想几乎没有引起注意。5年以后，当伟大的罗伯特?奥本海默在一篇有划时代意义的论文中把注意力转向中子星的时候，他没有一次提到兹威基的成就，虽然兹威基多年来一直在致力于同一个问题，而且就在走廊那头的办公室里。在差不多40年的时间里，兹威基有关暗物质的推论没有引起认真的注意。我们只能认为，他在此期间做了许多俯卧撑。
v.证实；证明...有根据
- There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
- These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。
adj.范围广大的，一扫无遗的
- The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
- Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗？
星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）
- Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
- We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。
n.中子
- Neutron is neutral and slightly heavier than the proton.中子是中性的，比质子略重。
- Based on the neutron energy,the value of weighting factor was given.根据中子能量给出了相应的辐射权重因子的数值。
a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的
- The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
- The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
n.鄙视，轻视；v.轻视，鄙视，不屑
- Some people disdain labour.有些人轻视劳动。
- A great man should disdain flatterers.伟大的人物应鄙视献媚者。
n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标
- The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
- The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。
扣除( deduction的名词复数 )； 结论； 扣除的量； 推演
- Many of the older officers trusted agents sightings more than cryptanalysts'deductions. 许多年纪比较大的军官往往相信特务的发现，而不怎么相信密码分析员的推断。
- You know how you rush at things,jump to conclusions without proper deductions. 你知道你处理问题是多么仓促，毫无合适的演绎就仓促下结论。
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