科学美国人60秒 SSS 2014-07-11
时间：2019-01-20 作者：英语课 分类：2014年Scientific American(七)月
英语课
If you need a new liver, doctors have about twelve hours to transport it from a donor 1. That ticking clock severely 2 limits the ability of doctors to get organs to patients.
Now researchers have demonstrated a method that kept rat livers viable 3 up to four days.
The scientists lowered the livers to below freezing temperatures, while flooding the tissue with antifreeze chemicals to prevent the formation of damaging ice crystals.
But such cooling alone is not sufficient, due in part to the liver’s wide variety of cell types and functions. So the researchers also used machine perfusion: as the livers were cooled they were flushed with solutions that kept them operational. They were perfused again as they were brought back to above-freezing temps.
All the rats that were implanted with 3-day-old livers survived for three months. Nearly 60 percent of the rats with four-day-old livers survived. In contrast, no rats that received 3- and 4-day-old livers preserved by currently used methods survived.
This work is an early step toward creating a system that could work in humans, which would dramatically improve the chances of getting organs to people who desperately 4 need them.
n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体
- In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
- The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。
adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地
- He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
- He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的
- The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
- The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。
adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地
- He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
- He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。