2011年ESL之商务英语 06 Having Cash Flow Problems

06 Having Cash Flow Problems

GLOSSARY

to crunch the numbers – to make a calculation, especially in accounting orfinance; to perform a mathematical operation, such as adding, subtracting,multiplying, or dividing to get an result or answer

* I wonder whether these students would be able to crunch the numbers withouta calculator.

to meet payroll – to be able to pay the salaries of one’s employees; to be able topay people the money they are owed for the work they have done

* If the company isn’t able to meet payroll, why is anyone still working there?

cash flow – liquidity; the amount of money a company has available to pay itsbills and other expenses, without considering how much money a company hasinvested in assets

* Many companies struggle with cash flow for the first two years, because all ofthe money they make from sales has to be used to pay off loans and invest ingrowth.

projection – forecast; an educated guess about what will happen in the futurebased on what has happened in the past

* Our projections show that the firm will double in size by 2014.

to anticipate – to foresee; to believe that something will happen in the future andprepare for it

* I didn’t anticipate it would rain today. If I had, I would have brought anumbrella.

shortfall – a shortage; a lack; a situation in which one does not have enough ofsomething

* When the government collects fewer taxes, schools have to find creative waysto cover their funding shortfall.

income – revenue; the amount of money that is received; the amount of moneycoming into an organization or business during a certain period of time

* It’s often easier to reduce expenses than to increase income.

to set aside – to reserve; to determine that one will not use part or all ofsomething right now, instead saving it for later or for someone else

* It’s a good idea to set aside a little money each month, just in case we need it ina future emergency.

to hedge – to protect oneself against certain risks, especially financial risks; todo something that will reduce the problems created by some future event,especially related to finance

* They’re investing in gold to hedge against fluctuation in the housing market.

stopgap – a temporary fix or solution; something that will temporarily fix aproblem, although it will not last forever

* They hired temporary workers as a stopgap for the heavy workload they hadlast month.

line of credit – a loan; an amount of money that one takes from a bank, althoughone must pay it back later with interest

* Which bank gave you a line of credit to make repairs on your house?

to overextend – to have too much debt or too many commitments; to not be ableto keep one’s promises, especially related to one’s time or the money one owesto another person

* Annie already works two jobs and takes care of her three children, so she reallyoverextended herself by agreeing to lead the parent-teacher association.

to push (one’s) luck – to try to get too much of a good thing, so that one failsand ends up in a worse position; to try to continue one’s history of having verygood luck or having unexpected successes, even though there are noguarantees that one will continue to be that lucky

* It didn’t snow at all last week while we repaired our home, so we decided topush our luck and replace the roof, even though we know it normally snows a lotthis time of year.

to hold off on – to delay or postpone something; to decide to not to dosomething now, instead doing it at some future time

* They’ve decided to hold off on the wedding until they’ve saved enough moneyfor a house.

supplier – a company that sells goods or products to another company

* Trey really likes shopping at this grocery store, because most of the suppliersare local farmers.

as predicted – as expected; as one had believed would happen; a phrase usedwhen one’s prediction comes true

* As predicted, the cost of health care increased again last year.

to give (someone) assurances – to give someone a feeling of confidence thatsomething will happen; to tell someone that everything is okay; to help someonestop worrying about something

* If you want people to vote for you, you need to give them assurances that theirlives will become easier once you are president.

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COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

1. What did Kylie do when she crunched the numbers?

a) She made an error in her calculations.

b) She performed some calculations.

c) She copied her calculations from someone else.

2. According to Kylie, what might be the consequence of the company’s cashflow problems?

a) The company won’t be able to hire any new employees.

b) The company won’t be able to apply for a new line of credit.

c) The company won’t be able to pay employees’ salaries and wages.

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WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?

to hedge

The verb “to hedge,” in this podcast, means to protect oneself against certainrisks, especially financial risks, or to do something that will reduce the problemscreated by some future event: “How can we hedge against foreign exchangerisk?” The phrase “to hedge (one’s) bets” means to reduce the likelihood thatsomething bad will happen by doing many different things: “We know mostgoldfish die within a few days, so we’re hedging our bets by buying lots of them.”

The phrase “to be hedged in” means to not have enough space, or to besurrounded by something: “Their backyard is hedged in by the railroad tracks.”

Finally, a “hedge” is a small group of plants that are planted in a row very close toeach other, usually to separate two parts of a property: “They trim the hedgealong their walkway each spring.”

to hold off

In this podcast, the phrase “to hold off on (something)” means to delay orpostpone something, or to decide to not to do something now, instead doing it atsome future time: “Reyna is going to hold off on going to college until she cansave up a little more money.” The phrase “hold on” is used to ask someone towait a short period of time: “Hold on! I want to go with you, but I need to put on my jacket first.” The phrase “to hold onto (something)” means to keep somethingand not sell it or throw it away: “Why did you hold onto these comic books for somany years?” Finally, the phrase “to be held up” means to be delayed bysomething: “I’m sorry I came to the meeting a few minutes late, but I was held upin traffic.”

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CULTURE NOTE

Many Americans “mistakenly” (incorrectly) believe that the U.S. government“awards” (gives to the winner of a competition) “grants” (money that is given to aperson or organization for a particular purpose and does not need to be paidback) to open or “expand” (grow) small businesses, but this simply is not true.

“Entrepreneurs” (people who start their own business) are often “sorely” (very)disappointed when they learn that “federal” (national) grants are available only tononprofit organizations and local and state government agencies.

For example, the federal government often awards grants to nonprofitorganizations involved in medical research or the development of more “efficient”

(producing more with less) sources of energy. These activities benefit allmembers of “society” (the people living together in a particular country, regionand/or culture), so it makes sense for the federal government to support thoseactivities financially. In most cases, it does not make sense for the federalgovernment to award grants to an entrepreneur opening a new restaurant or aretail store, because those businesses benefit only the owner and a “handful” (asmall number) of employees.

Some state and local government agencies award grants to entrepreneurs, butthe entrepreneurs usually have to “match” (provide an equal amount) thosegrants with bank loans or personal funds. These grants are usually awarded to“stimulate” (improve; make something grow) the local economy – not just to helpsomeone start a new business. However, entrepreneurs can benefit from manyprograms that are designed to help them apply for low-interest loans and receiveinexpensive or free business advice.

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Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – b; 2 – c

COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT

Welcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 668: Having CashFlow Problems.

This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 668. I’m your host, Dr.

Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful – a little rainy, but otherwise beautiful Los Angeles, California.

This episode, like all of our episodes, has a Learning Guide. Go to our websiteat eslpod.com and download it. You’ll improve your English much faster byhaving a transcript, vocabulary, and additional cultural and vocabularyinformation included in the Guide.

This episode is about business. It’s about something called “cash flow.” Let’sget started.

[start of dialogue]

Kylie: I’ve just crunched the numbers and we’re not going to be able to meetpayroll next month because of cash flow problems.

Miguel: That can’t be. The cash flow projections from last month showed thatwe’d be fine.

Kylie: We didn’t anticipate a shortfall in income this month and didn’t set asideenough cash to hedge against a cash flow problem.

Miguel: What can we do? We need a stopgap solution now.

Kylie: Well, we could try to extend our line of credit at the bank.

Miguel: We’re already overextended at the bank. I don’t want to push our luck.

Kylie: The other option is to hold off on paying our suppliers and hope that ourincome goes up next month, as predicted.

Miguel: Do you really think we can hold them off for that long?

Kylie: I’ll have a talk with our biggest suppliers and give them assurances thatthey’ll get paid. Let’s just hope they’re not having cash flow problems of theirown!

[end of dialogue]

Kylie begins our dialogue by saying to Miguel, “I’ve just crunched the numbersand we’re not going to be able to meet payroll next month because of cash flowproblems.” “To crunch (crunch) the numbers” means to make a calculation: toadd, subtract, multiply, or divide to get an answer or a result. Usually we use thisexpression in business, when we are talking about the cost of something or howmuch money the company will have at the end of the year we crunch thenumbers, we do the calculations to see. “Payroll” (payroll) is a general term todescribe the money that is paid to the employees. “To meet payroll” means youhave enough money to pay for the people who work for you. So if you’re acompany and you can’t meet payroll, well then, your employees won’t get paid –and they probably will stop working as well! “Cash flow” is also called, by a moretechnical name, “liquidity” (liquidity). You may recognize the word “liquid,” it’ssomething that, like water, can move easily. “Cash flow” refers to the amount ofmoney a company has to pay its bills and other expenses without consideringhow much the company has invested. So for example, if you have a companythat sells…I don’t know…cats let’s say, and you have 50 cats that you are tryingto sell. The cats can’t be given to your employees as payment. Well, you couldgive them, maybe as a punishment! But, cats are what we call an “asset”

(asset). An “asset” is something that you own but that you can’t use forsomething else like paying bills or paying your employees. “Cash flow” refers tomoney in a bank or money that you have in cash or in a check, something thatrepresents cash, that you can use to pay other people with. So, a companyneeds to be bringing in enough money – enough cash – so that it can pay itsexpenses. If you don’t to that, well then, you have a cash flow problem.

Kylie and Miguel have a cash flow problem. She’s crunched the numbers andthey’re not going to be able to meet payroll next month. Miguel said, “That can’tbe.” “That cannot be correct” is what he means. “The cash flow projections fromlast month showed that we’d be fine.” A “projection” is also called a “forecast,”

it’s a guess about what is going to happen in the future. We would call it an“educated guess,” meaning you have some information, it’s not just random, youhave some information on which your projection is based.

Kylie says, “We didn’t anticipate a shortfall in income this month.” “To anticipate”

in this case means to believe that something will happen in the future; we mightalso say “to foresee.” “I anticipate that it will rain tomorrow because there areclouds in the sky.” That’s my belief, my expectation. Kylie says their companydid not expect a shortfall in income. A “shortfall” (one word) it is when you don’thave enough of something that you need; we might also call it a “shortage” or a “lack” (lack). Well, this is a shortfall in income; that is, money that the companygets from selling, in this case, its cats. So Kylie says, “We didn’t anticipate ashortfall in the income this month and didn’t set aside enough cash to hedgeagainst a cash flow problem.” Let’s start with the expression “to set aside,” whichis a two-word phrasal verb meaning to decide to save part of what you have now;we might say to “reserve” it. I have 100 dollars and I don’t have any bills to paytoday, but next month I’m going to have to buy my wife a present – and no, it willnot be a cat! I set aside 95 dollars, because I’m a loving husband and of course Iwould give my wife the best possible – right honey? So I put 95 dollars aside,and that is what I will save so I can buy something next month.

Unfortunately, Miguel and Kylie are not perhaps the best businesspeople; theydidn’t set aside enough cash to hedge against a cash flow problem. “To hedge”

(hedge) means to protect yourself against certain risks, especially financial risks;to do something that will reduce a potential – a possible – problem in the future,especially when we’re talking about money. We have a common expression, “tohedge your bets,” that means you wouldn’t want to bet all of your money on onething, or gamble – risk – your money on one thing. “To hedge your bets” meansto set aside extra money in case things don’t go as well as you planned. That’ssomething Kylie and Miguel didn’t do.

Miguel says, “What can we do? We need a stopgap solution now.” “Stopgap”

(stopgap – one word) is a temporary solution, a temporary fix. It won’t solve theproblem permanently – forever – but it will fix it for now. You have a lot of catsand you don’t have room for them in your store, so you ask your neighbor if hecan keep 10 of your cats at his house just until you get enough room to bringthem back to your store. That’s a stopgap measure, a stopgap solution.

Kylie says, “Well, we could try to extend our line of credit at the bank.” A “line ofcredit” is another word for a “loan.” A “loan” is when someone gives yousomething, like money, and says you have to give it back in the future, in a yearor two years, whenever. In addition, you have to pay that person some additionalmoney for being able to use their money today. Well, a line of credit is when abank says you can use this money whenever you want; you don’t have to take itnow, when you need it you can take it.

Miguel says, “We’re already overextended at the bank.” “To overextend” meansto have too many loans, too many “debts” we would say (debts), where you haveto give other people money you have borrowed from them. That’s whathappened to Kylie and Miguel. He says, “I don’t want to push our luck.” “Topush your luck” means to try to get too much of a good thing, to try to takeadvantage of a situation that may put you in a worse position in the future. You may have had good luck before – good fortune – but there’s no guarantee thatwill continue. So, for example, if you have a gun and you put four bullets in thegun and you shoot the gun and no bullets come out, you have been very lucky.

You don’t want to push your luck by continuing to try to shoot the gun becauseyou may hurt someone or kill someone.

Kylie says, “The other option (the other possible solution) is to hold off on payingour suppliers.” “To hold off on” is sort of a three-word phrasal verb; it means topostpone or delay something, to decide not to do something now but instead do itin the future: “I’m going to hold off on buying a new car until the prices are lower.”

They want to hold off on paying their suppliers. I should mention that “hold” hasmany different meanings in English, as does the word “hedge,” and you can findthose additional meanings in our Learning Guide. A “supplier” is someone whosells your company something: a product, a good, or a service we would call it.

So whoever sells Kylie and Miguel cats is a supplier. Kylie says we can “hopethat our income goes up next month as predicted,” meaning as expected.

Miguel says, “Do you really think we can hold them off for that long?” Do youreally think we cannot pay them for a whole month? Kylie says, “I’ll have to talkwith our biggest suppliers (the company that gives them the most or sells themthe most things that they use) and give them assurances that they’ll get paid.”

“To give (someone) assurances” means to tell them things that will make themfeel confident that something will happen, to tell them that everything is going tobe okay, they don’t have to worry about it. The word “assurances” comes fromthe verb “to assure” (assure), which means the same thing really, to tell someonethat it’s going to be okay, you’re going to have more money next month, and soforth. Kylie says, “Let’s just hope they’re not having cash flow problems of theirown,” meaning maybe the suppliers, if you don’t pay them, will have their owncash flow problems.

Now let’s listen to the dialogue, this time at a normal speed.

[start of dialogue]

Kylie: I’ve just crunched the numbers and we’re not going to be able to meetpayroll next month because of cash flow problems.

Miguel: That can’t be. The cash flow projections from last month showed thatwe’d be fine.

Kylie: We didn’t anticipate a shortfall in income this month and didn’t set asideenough cash to hedge against a cash flow problem.

Miguel: What can we do? We need a stopgap solution now.

Kylie: Well, we could try to extend our line of credit at the bank.

Miguel: We’re already overextended at the bank. I don’t want to push our luck.

Kylie: The other option is to hold off on paying our suppliers and hope that ourincome goes up next month, as predicted.

Miguel: Do you really think we can hold them off for that long?

Kylie: I’ll have a talk with our biggest suppliers and give them assurances thatthey’ll get paid. Let’s just hope they’re not having cash flow problems of theirown!

[end of dialogue]

We always anticipate a good script here on ESL Podcast, and we got one today,as expected, from our own Dr. Lucy Tse. Thank you, Lucy.

From Los Angeles, California, I’m Jeff McQuillan. Thank you for listening. Comeback and listen to us again here on ESL Podcast.

English as a Second Language Podcast is written and produced by Dr. Lucy Tse,hosted by Dr. Jeff McQuillan, copyright 2011 by the Center for EducationalDevelopment.