环球英语 — 23：Bats
时间：2019-01-19 作者：英语课 分类：环球英语 Spotlight
Voice 1
Hello. I’m Mike Procter.
Voice 2
And I’m Marina Santee. Welcome to Spotlight 1. This programme uses a special English method of broadcasting. It is easier for people to understand, no matter where in the world they live.
Voice 1
What do you think of when you hear bats flying near you? Do you imagine friendly looking creatures? Probably not! Bats are not very popular creatures! And many people find them a little frightening. This is partly because of false stories surrounding the creatures. In today’s programme we look at how this small creature may have the answer to one of our biggest health problems!
Voice 2
The bat’s body is designed well! A bat is not a bird. It is the earth’s only flying mammal! A bat’s wing has two layers of skin. The skin stretches between the bat’s long finger bones, then down the side of its body and back leg. The bat’s ‘thumb’ sticks out at the front of the wing. It is free to hold on to trees and walls.
Voice 1
There are almost a thousand different kinds of bat! But all bats fit into one of two main groups - ‘mega bats’ or ‘micro bats.’ Mega bats are large. A mega bat can weigh up to one kilogram. And its wings can be about two metres across! Mega bats live in hot rainforests - such as in Africa or Australia. They eat fruit. Or, they drink the sweet liquid nectar from flowers.
Voice 2
Micro bats are much smaller. The smallest weighs only about two grams. And its wings are about fifteen centimetres across. Micro bats live all over the world. They eat mostly insects. One of the most well known bats is a micro bat. It is the vampire 2 bat! People take an interest in this bat mainly because of its name - vampire bat!
Voice 1
Vampires 3 are imaginary 4 creatures. They exist in films and books. They have human-like bodies. And they usually have some kind of supernatural power. They survive by drinking blood - at night! Vampires bite their victim’s neck with their sharp pointed 5 teeth. Vampires are not real. They do not exist. But the vampire bat still takes its English name from them. This is because the vampire bat survives by drinking blood!
Voice 2
The vampire bat is the only kind of bat that drinks blood. It makes a small bite in the skin of a sleeping animal. The bat has a way of helping 6 the blood to flow. Without this, the blood would grow thick quickly, and the bat could not drink.
Voice 1
The secret is in the liquid inside a bat’s mouth, the saliva 7. The saliva contains a chemical that stops the victim’s blood from becoming thick. This chemical is very interesting to scientists. In fact, they are now researching the use of this chemical. They are performing tests using the chemical to treat strokes 9.
Voice 2
Over four million [4,000,000] people die from strokes each year. The most common kind of stroke 8 is an ischemic stroke. An ischemic stroke can happen when something blocks one of the blood tubes leading to the brain. These tubes, or arteries 10, carry blood and oxygen to the brain. So a blocked artery 11 prevents oxygen reaching the brain. A ‘stroke’ is when some of cells in the brain die as a result of the blocked artery.
Voice 1
Melissa Welch worked in a store after school. One day, she felt sick. It seemed like the room was going round and round. Another worker found Melissa at the back of the store. Melissa was unable to speak. She could not stand up. A blocked artery was starving her brain of oxygen. Melissa was experiencing the beginnings of a stroke.
Voice 2
Fast treatment is very important with strokes. Melissa got to the hospital quickly. And doctors were able to save her life. But many people do not get fast treatment. This is because they do not recognise the signs of a stroke. This is true particularly with strokes that are not severe. Some of the signs of a stroke include:
Voice 1
Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
Voice 2
Difficulty walking.
Voice 1
A sudden loss of balance.
Voice 2
A severe pain in the head.
Voice 1
Sudden eye problems.
Voice 2
And weakness or a loss of movement in one side.
Voice 1
Doctors say that people showing these signs should seek help immediately. They should not wait for the signs to go away. Fast treatment can be the difference between life and death.
Voice 2
Since 1996, doctors have used a drug called ‘tPA’ to help people like Melissa. tPA breaks down the blood clot 12 that blocks the artery. But it is only effective for small clots 13. And, it gives doctors only three hours to fight the damage.
Voice 1
So doctors used a new device 14 for Melissa. It is called the ‘Merci Retriever, or just ‘Merci.’ The Merci is good because it gives doctors more time to work. They have up to eight hours to fight damage. The Merci works 15 by using a special wire to take hold of the clot and pull it out. Doctors made a small cut in the very top of Melissa’s leg. They carefully fed the Merci device into an artery. They guided it up to the affected 16 area of the brain. A few minutes after the operation, blood started to flow again. Oxygen fed into Melissa’s brain. The Merci Retriever saved her life!
Voice 2
However the Merci Retriever and tPA both have limits. They are not good at dealing 17 with with large clots that are deep inside the brain. Is there hope for patients with this problem? Well, yes - one hope comes in the form of a bat!
Voice 1
Remember, the vampire bat drinks the blood from the wounds of its victims. It produces a special chemical that stops the blood clotting 18. Well, scientists have genetically 19 engineered this chemical to produce a new drug - desmoteplase. Desmoteplase can break down blood clots. It can return blood flow to the brain up to nine hours after a stroke. Desmoteplase is also able to break up clots without affecting blood clotting in other parts of the body. Most importantly it does not increase the risk of ‘bleeding on the brain.’
Voice 2
Early studies of desmoteplase have shown promising 20 results. Doctors gave patients desmoteplase within three to nine hours of a stroke. In one study, blood flow to the brain returned to fifty five percent of test patients. Doctor Howard Rowley from the University of Wisconsin Medical School said,
Voice 1
‘It is the biggest breakthrough I have seen in twenty years.’
Voice 2
Vampire bats are probably the most disliked kind of bat. But, they may hold an answer to one of the world’s leading causes of death - strokes. It seems that nature has many secrets we have yet to discover. Who knows what other solutions may be in the creation 21 that is all around us.
- This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
- The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
- It wasn't a wife waiting there for him but a blood sucking vampire!家里的不是个老婆，而是个吸人血的妖精！
- Children were afraid to go to sleep at night because of the many legends of vampire.由于听过许多有关吸血鬼的传说，孩子们晚上不敢去睡觉。
- The most effective weapon against the vampires is avampire itself. 对付吸血鬼最有效的武器就是吸血鬼自己。 来自电影对白
- If vampires existed, don`t you think we would`ve found them by now? 如果真有吸血鬼，那我们怎么还没有找到他们呢？ 来自电影对白
- All the characters in this book are imaginary.此书中的所有人物都是虚构的。
- The boy's fears were only imaginary.这小孩的恐惧只是一种想象。
- He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
- She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
- The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
- By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
- He wiped a dribble of saliva from his chin.他擦掉了下巴上的几滴口水。
- Saliva dribbled from the baby's mouth.唾液从婴儿的嘴里流了出来。
- He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把钉子敲进去了。
- He broke the lock with one stroke of the hammer.他一锤就把锁砸坏了。
- Apply the paint thickly in even strokes. 涂颜料要厚，笔画要匀。
- To improve your tennis strokes you try using a different grip. 为了提高你网球的击球法，你试试用另一种握拍方法。
- Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- We couldn't feel the changes in the blood pressure within the artery.我们无法感觉到动脉血管内血压的变化。
- The aorta is the largest artery in the body.主动脉是人体中的最大动脉。
- Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
- The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。
- When you cut yourself, blood clots and forms a scab. 你割破了，血会凝固、结痂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Milk clots when it turns sour. 奶变酸就凝块。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
- The device will be in production by the end of the year.该装置将于年底投入生产。
- The device will save much time and effort for us.这种装置会使我们节省大量时间和气力。
- We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
- The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
- She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
- His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
- This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
- His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
- The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。 来自互联网
- A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。 来自互联网
- All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
- Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
- The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
- We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。